Explore the vast range of titles available.

Electrolytes are one of the most influential aspects determining the efficiency of electrochemical supercapacitors. Therefore, in this paper, we investigate the effect of introducing co-solvents of ester into ethylene carbonate (EC). The use of ester co-solvents in ethylene carbonate (EC) as an electrolyte for supercapacitors improves conductivity, electrochemical properties, and stability, allowing greater energy storage capacity and increased device durability. We synthesized extremely thin nanosheets of niobium silver sulfide using a hydrothermal process and mixed them with magnesium sulfate in different wt% ratios to produce Mg(NbAgS)x)(SO4)y. The synergistic effect of MgSO4 and NbS2 increased the storage capacity and energy density of the supercapattery. Multivalent ion storage in Mg(NbAgS)x(SO4)y enables the storage of a number of ions. The Mg(NbAgS)x)(SO4)y was directly deposited on a nickel foam substrate using a simple and innovative electrodeposition approach. The synthesized silver Mg(NbAgS)x)(SO4)y provided a maximum specific capacity of 2087 C/g at 2.0 A/g current density because of its substantial electrochemically active surface area and linked nanosheet channels which aid in ion transportation. The supercapattery was designed with Mg(NbAgS)x)(SO4)y and activated carbon (AC) achieved a high energy density of 79 Wh/kg in addition to its high power density of 420 W/kg. The supercapattery (Mg(NbAgS)x)(SO4)y//AC) was subjected to 15,000 consecutive cycles. The Coulombic efficiency of the device was 81% after 15,000 consecutive cycles while retaining a 78% capacity retention. This study reveals that the use of this novel electrode material (Mg(NbAgS)x(SO4)y) in ester-based electrolytes has great potential in supercapattery applications.

Supercapattery, an energy harvesting device that combines key characteristics of supercapacitors and rechargeable batteries, has demonstrated excellent electrochemical performance due to its exceptional cycle stability and high power and energy densities. The hydrothermal synthesis of a CoMgS/ZnO composite was performed in this investigation, which enabled the evaluation of its electrochemical and structural properties. The specific capacity of the cobalt magnesium sulphide (CoMgS) nanocomposite electrode material experienced a substantial increase from 510 to 998 C g −1 at 5 mV s −1 when ZnO was added. This improvement resulted from the addition of ZnO, which increased conductivity and enhanced redox active sites. A supercapattery device has demonstrated a remarkable specific capacity of 398 C g −1 at 2 A g −1 . Furthermore, it exhibits an exceptional power density of 2653.88 W kg −1 and a noteworthy energy density of 36.18 Wh kg −1 . Even after subjecting the hybrid device to 5000 GCD cycles, it retained an impressive 96.84% of its initial capacity. Besides, the electrode material is also used for the photochemical activity. The findings offer substantial guidance for designing electrodes from nanocomposite-related materials for supercapattery, and they also support the stability and functionality of energy storage devices. Graphical abstract

In this study, ternary composites of polyaniline (PANI) with manganese dioxide (MnO2) nanorods and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were prepared by employing a hydrothermal methodology and in-situ oxidative polymerization of aniline. The morphological analysis by scanning electron microscopy showed that the MnO2 possessed nanorod like structures in its pristine form, while in the ternary PANI@CNT/MnO2 composite, coating of PANI over CNT/MnO2, rods/tubes were evidently seen. The structural analysis by X-ray diffraction and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy showed peaks corresponding to MnO2, PANI and CNT, which suggested efficacy of the synthesis methodology. The electrochemical performance in contrast to individual components revealed the enhanced performance of PANI@CNT/MnO2 composite due to the synergistic/additional effect of PANI, CNT and MnO2 compared to pure MnO2, PANI and PANI@CNT. The PANI@CNT/MnO2 ternary composite exhibited an excellent specific capacity of 143.26 C g−1 at a scan rate of 3 mV s−1. The cyclic stability of the supercapattery (PANI@CNT/MnO2/activated carbon)—consisting of a battery type electrode—demonstrated a gradual increase in specific capacity with continuous charge–discharge over ~1000 cycles and showed a cyclic stability of 119% compared to its initial value after 3500 cycles.

Supercapattery is a hybrid renewable device that stores a significant amount of energy and delivers sufficient power together. In this paper, we used the hydrothermal technique for the synthesis of nickel-manganese sulfide (NiMnS) and carbon nanotube (CNT)-incorporated nickel-manganese sulfide (NiMnS/CNT). The surface and structural analyses were done using SEM and XRD. In a three-cell arrangement, NiMNS delivered the specific capacity of 685 Cg −1 at the current density of 1.9 Ag −1 . The incorporation of CNT into NiMnS significantly improves the storage capacity. The NiMnS 75 /CNT 25 composite delivered the specific capacity of 1188 Cg −1 at the current density of 2.8 Ag −1 . The supercapattery device was designed using NiMnS 75 /CNT 25 as the anode while activated carbon as the cathode. The supercapattery (NiMnS 75 /CNT 25 //AC) demonstrates an outstanding specific capacity of 105.9 Cg −1 at the current density of 0.6 Ag −1 . The device (NiMnS 75 /CNT 25 //AC) provided a high power density of 1600.8 WKg −1 at an energy density of 9 WhKg −1 . These results suggest NiMnS 75 /CNT 25 as a more suitable electrode material for supercapattery applications. Graphical Abstract

A hybrid supercapacitor, also known as a supercapattery, combines the high power density of supercapacitors with the high energy density of batteries. In this experiment, we used the hydrothermal technique to synthesize zinc sulfide (ZnS), strontium sulfide (SrS), and zinc strontium sulfide (ZnSrS). The density functional theory (DFT) revealed the metallic behavior of ZnSrS. The surface area measured through Brunauer–Emmett–Teller ( BET) graphs for ZnSrS was 13.24 m 2 /g. The composite zinc strontium sulfide (ZnSrS) had a specific capacity of 469 C/g in three cell arrangement. An asymmetric supercapacitor was constructed using battery-graded zinc strontium sulfide (Zn 50 Sr 50 S) as the positive terminal and polyaniline doped activated carbon (PANI@AC) as the negative terminal. The supercapattery device (ZnSrS//PANI@AC) had a maximal capacity of 148 C/g and an energy density of 32.88 Wh/kg at the power density of 800 W/kg. After the completion of 5000 cycles, ZnSrS//PANI@AC retained 90% of its initial capacity. The exceptional electrochemical performance of ZnSrS demonstrates its application as a nanostructured electrode for future energy storage systems.

In this study, silver (Ag) and cobalt oxide (Co3O4) decorated polyaniline (PANI) fibers were prepared by the combination of in-situ aniline oxidative polymerization and the hydrothermal methodology. The morphology of the prepared Ag/Co3O4@PANI ternary nanocomposite was studied by scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy, while the structural studies were carried out by X-ray diffraction and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The morphological characterization revealed fibrous shaped PANI, coated with Ag and Co3O4 nanograins, while the structural studies revealed high purity, good crystallinity, and slight interactions among the constituents of the Ag/Co3O4@PANI ternary nanocomposite. The electrochemical performance studies revealed the enhanced performance of the Ag/Co3O4@PANI nanocomposite due to the synergistic/additional effect of Ag, Co3O4 and PANI compared to pure PANI and Co3O4@PANI. The addition of the Ag and Co3O4 provided an extended site for faradaic reactions leading to the high specific capacity. The Ag/Co3O4@PANI ternary nanocomposite exhibited an excellent specific capacity of 262.62 C g−1 at a scan rate of 3 mV s−1. The maximum energy and power density were found to be 14.01 Wh kg−1 and 165.00 W kg−1, respectively. The cyclic stability of supercapattery (Ag/Co3O4@PANI//activated carbon) consisting of a battery type electrode demonstrated a gradual increase in specific capacity with a continuous charge–discharge cycle until ~1000 cycles, then remained stable until 2500 cycles and later started decreasing, thereby showing the cyclic stability of 121.03% of its initial value after 3500 cycles.

The increasing demand for sustainable energy has diverted researchers’ intentions toward electrochemical storage devices. This research aims to combine supercapacitors’ characteristics with batteries to create high-performance hybrid energy storage devices. The hydrothermal approach is used to synthesize silver sulfide (Ag 2 S), strontium sulfide (SrS), and their composite silver strontium sulfide (AgSrS). XRD is used to evaluate the crystallinity, SEM is used to study the surface morphology, and XPS is used to determine the elemental composition of AgSrS. The BET measurements show a higher surface area of 22.23 m 2 g −1 for AgSrS. The highest achieved specific capacity with AgSrS is 494.5 C g −1 (137.36 mAh-g −1 ). The best-tuned material, AgSrS, is then used as the anode in a powered hybrid device with activated carbon (A.C.) as the cathode terminal. This device provides an energy of 26.32 Wh-kg −1 at a power of 800 W kg −1 . The device was also put through a durability test, which included 5000 consecutive cycles. After 5000 cycles, a columbic efficiency of 82% was achieved, with 96% capacity retention. This research shows that the composite material AgSrS can be utilized commercially for hybrid energy storage devices in the future.

Mixed transition metallic sulfides have attracted researchers’ attention due to their unique electronic and electrochemical properties for energy storage devices. Herein, we have investigated nickel manganese sulfides (Ni x –Mn x –S) based binary anode material for supercapattery devices. The hydrothermal method was used to synthesize the Ni x –Mn x –S-based nanomaterials with different Ni to Mn ratios. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX), and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller spectroscopy (BETS) is used to examine surface characteristics, crystallinity, elemental analysis, and homogeneity. The electrochemical measurement of the Ni x –Mn x –S-based electrode material is first explored in three electrodes assembly while maintaining a 1 M KOH electrolyte environment. Among all the electrodes, Ni 0.50 Mn 0.50  S demonstrated exceptional performance with a specific capacity of 713 C/g or 1188 F/g at the current density of 1.0 A/g. Lastly, the Ni 0.50 Mn 0.50  S based nanomaterials are used as working electrode and activated carbon (AC) as reference electrode for the two electrodes assembly test (Ni 0.50 Mn 0.50  S//AC). Which showing a high energy density of 35.24 (Wh/Kg), power density of 3200 (W/Kg), extraordinary specific capacity 158.6 C/g with coulomb efficiency 91.6% and capacity retention 70% after 11,000 galvanostatic charging/discharging (GCD) cycles. Our findings provide a platform to improve the performance of asymmetric energy storage devices. Graphical abstract

The enormous technical developments and rapid changes in life patterns made in the recent decades have largely been attributed to the exploitation of contemporary forms of energy sources, i.e. fossil fuels. However, their finite availability and significantly high environmental impacts have aroused concerns and spurred research to find alternatives and more efficient ways to store energy. In particular, recent developments of batteries and fuel cells as energy storage devices have been proven to be very promising, but their poor power characteristics and cyclic stability hinder their wider applications. Conversely, conventional capacitors display a great outputting pulsed power, but disappointing energy characteristics. Electrochemical capacitors (ECs), which are also known as supercapacitors, bridge the crucial performance disparity between fuel cells or batteries with high energy capacities and the traditional capacitors capable of outputting pulsed high power. The main focus of this review is to outline the latest developments of the ECs and determine their current status in terms of energy and power characteristics. In particular, recent developments in materials including new synthesis methods, structural studies and advanced configurations of ECs are discussed. Moreover, several technical challenges to further development are identified. Based on the latest results, the potential of developing supercapatteries, whose performance is in between batteries and contemporary supercapacitors, are also discussed in this review.