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When, in an electronic commerce study, all scale items have been measured by means of a single questionnaire survey and at the same time, there is the prospect that the tested relationships among the constructs might be distorted by the effect of common method variance (CMV)-a serious and problematic issue that has the potential to jeopardize the validity of the research findings. The bias generated by CMV, known as common method bias, appears when the estimated relationship between one construct and another might be inflated; put differently, CMV produces a systematic covariation above the true relationship between the scale items. As a consequence, the altered values of the observed correlations and of other relevant indicators might lead to: either incorrect estimates of the reliability and convergent validity constructs in the study, or erroneous parameter estimates related to the magnitude and the significance of the relationships among constructs.

Scientific journals often rely on informal methods to evaluate reviewers, such as editor ratings and author feedback. Reviewer self-assessment offers a promising, yet underexplored, approach to improving the peer-review process. This study examined the factors associated with reviewers’ self-assessments. We surveyed 642 reviewers and editors from three Information Systems (IS) conferences (January–February 2020), and 144 responses were analyzed using quantitative inferential statistics. Most respondents were male (72.2%) and based in Europe (59%). We found no significant association between self-assessment and conventional experience markers (reviewing and publishing experiences). In contrast, significant associations were observed between higher self-assessment and the perceived importance of feedback from editors (χ 2  = 19.689, p ≈ 0.002), feedback from authors (χ 2  = 25.168, p  < 0.001), and formal training (χ 2  = 14.64, p ≈ 0.047). Although our sample comes from IS settings, these mechanisms are process-based; therefore, these findings could be extended to a broader peer review ecosystem. Overall, organizational interventions, structured feedback from editors and authors, and formal training are more closely related to reviewers’ self-assessments than accumulated publishing or reviewing experience.

Organizational culture is currently considered a critical factor in achieving success in any business activity, including the implementation of the idea of sustainability. Sustainability-driven organizations incorporate a triple bottom line approach, which promotes the collateral achievement of companies’ environmental, economic, and social goals. The first bottom line is related to environmental sustainability. This bottom line should be facilitated by a pro-environmental organizational culture (PE culture). A company should strive to bring this culture to the highest possible level. Although in the literature on the subject some research on the factors that influence employees’ pro-environmental behavior have been presented, environmental sustainability in the context of organizational culture has received comparatively little attention. So far, the concept of levels of PE culture and the corresponding measurement instrument have not been developed. The aim of this paper is to present the concept of a pro-environmental organizational culture and its operationalization to support the achievement of sustainability goals. Operationalization is the process of determining the extension of a concept, which in turn transforms the concept into a metric. This paper presents a four-level concept of PE culture and a research instrument developed for the purpose of measuring the cultural level in organizations. The instrument was tested in a manufacturing company.

Objectives: The primary objective of this study is to investigate the significance of emotional intelligence (EI) in relation to leadership efficacy and organizational conduct. Specifically, the study aims to explore the constituent elements of emotional intelligence, their influence on leadership behavior, and their correlation with organizational behavior. Additionally, the study seeks to examine the impact of emotional intelligence on fostering a favorable organizational climate, improving communication, facilitating decision-making, resolving conflicts, and promoting employee engagement.   Methods: This study employs a quantitative research methodology, utilizing a self-administered survey instrument. The sample consists of 60 participants holding managerial positions in various organizations. Statistical methodologies such as explanatory diagrams and correlation analysis are used to analyze the data and investigate the relationships between emotional intelligence, managerial competence, organizational behavior, and employee satisfaction.   Results: The results of the study highlight a positive association between emotional intelligence and managerial competence, organizational behavior, and employee satisfaction. The findings suggest that higher levels of emotional intelligence are correlated with more effective leadership, improved organizational climate, better communication, enhanced decision-making, conflict resolution, and higher levels of employee engagement.   Conclusion: In conclusion, this study emphasizes the importance of emotional intelligence in leadership effectiveness and organizational behavior. The findings underscore the positive impact of emotional intelligence on various aspects of organizational conduct and employee satisfaction. Additionally, the study suggests avenues for future research, including longitudinal inquiries, intercultural variances, exploring intervening and moderating factors, developing interventions, and conducting comparative assessments.

The potential for generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) to assist with clinical tasks is the subject of ongoing debate within biomedical informatics and related fields. This study aimed to explore general practitioners' (GPs') opinions about GenAI on primary care. In January 2025, we conducted a web-based survey of 1005 UK GPs' experiences and opinions of GenAI in clinical practice. This study involved a qualitative inductive descriptive analysis of a written response (\"comments\") to an open-ended question in the survey. After analysis, the interpretation of themes was also informed by the technology acceptance model. Out of 1005 respondents, 611 GPs (61%) provided written comments in response to the free text question, totaling 7990 words. Comments were classified into 3 major themes and 8 subthemes in relation to GenAI in clinical practice. The major themes were (1) unfamiliarity, (2) ambivalence and anxiety, and (3) role in clinical tasks. \"Unfamiliarity\" encompassed a lack of experience and knowledge, and the need for training on GenAI. \"Ambivalence and anxiety\" included mixed expectations among GPs in relation to these tools, beliefs about diminished human connection, and skepticism about AI accountability. Finally, commenting on the role of GenAI in clinical tasks, GPs believed it would help with documentation. However, respondents questioned AI's clinical judgment and raised concerns about operational uncertainty concerning these tools. Female GPs were more likely to leave comments than male GPs, with 53% (324/611) of female GPs providing feedback compared to 41.1% (162/394) who did not. Chi-square tests confirmed this difference ((χ²₂= 14.6, P=.001). In addition, doctors who left comments were significantly more likely to have used GenAI in clinical practice compared with those who did not. Among all respondents, 71.7% (438/611) had not used GenAI. However, noncommenters were even less likely to have used it, with 80.7% (318/394) reporting no use. A chi-square test confirmed this difference (χ²₁=10.0, P=.002). This study provides timely insights into UK GPs' perspectives on the role, impact, and limitations of GenAI in primary care. However, the study has limitations. The qualitative data analyzed originates from a self-selected subset of respondents who chose to provide free-text comments, and these participants were more likely to have used GenAI tools in clinical practice. However, the substantial number of comments offers valuable insights into the diverse views held by GPs regarding GenAI. Furthermore, the majority of our respondents reported limited experience and training with these tools; however, many GPs perceived potential benefits of GenAI and ambient AI for documentation. Notably, 2 years after the widespread introduction of GenAI, GPs' persistent lack of understanding and training remains a critical concern. More extensive qualitative work would provide a more in-depth understanding of GPs' views.

Healthcare providers' (HCPs') beliefs and practices regarding vaccination influence vaccine acceptance in patients. To describe HCPs' beliefs and practices regarding vaccines and perceptions of patient perspectives related to vaccine hesitancy. This was a non-interventional, cross-sectional, online survey administered to 1213 HCPs based in the United States from December 2021 through January 2022. HCPs provided responses regarding their demographic and professional characteristics, beliefs about vaccine safety and effectiveness, vaccination practices, and their views regarding patients' willingness to receive vaccination. Study participants included doctors (55.4 %); physician assistants (11.2 %); pharmacists (11.7 %); nurse practitioners (11.1 %); and registered nurses (10.6 %) from across the United States (West, 35.6 %; Midwest, 27.0 %; South, 25.6 %; Northeast, 11.9 %). HCPs belonged to group practices or clinics (34.5 %), private practices (31.9 %), hospital-based practices (21.9 %), or pharmacies (11.7 %). Most HCPs strongly believed it was their duty to promote vaccination (78.1 %) and used in-person conversations to educate patients about vaccines (85.0 %); 95.1 % had been vaccinated against COVID-19. HCPs reported that 54.9 % of patients accept all vaccines without hesitation, 21.0 % accept all vaccines but hesitate, 16.8 % accept only select vaccines, and 7.2 % reject all vaccines. Reasons commonly cited by patients for being hesitant to accept vaccines or refusal included negative media (hesitancy: 64.6 %; refusal: 73.2 %), the influence of friends or family (hesitancy: 60.5 %; refusal: 68.7 %), distrust of the government (hesitancy: 45.8 %; refusal: 68.4 %), concerns over long-term side effects (hesitancy: 56.1 %; refusal: 68.3 %), and worries about vaccine-related autism or infertility (hesitancy: 49.7 %; refusal: 71.9 %). HCPs reported that the largest contributors to vaccine misinformation among patients were social media (91.0 %), celebrities/TV personalities (63.5 %), and mass media (61.1 %). Despite most HCPs being active proponents of vaccination, misconceptions about vaccination and vaccine hesitancy persists. Consideration should be given to HCP training to support their efforts to promote vaccine acceptance. •Beliefs, attitudes, and practices of healthcare providers (HCPs) influence vaccine acceptance in patients.•Most HCPs believe it is their duty to promote vaccination and use in-person conversations to educate patients about vaccines.•Reasons commonly cited by patients for vaccine hesitancy or refusal included negative media.•Misconceptions about vaccination and vaccine hesitancy persist.•HCPs reported that one of the largest contributors to vaccine misinformation was social media.

This research demonstrates the percentage of drivers and pedestrians understanding the traffic sign in Dhaka, Bangladesh. The survey was conducted among 634 drivers inside and outside of Dhaka city. Moreover, 508 pedestrians participated in the survey within Dhaka city. In comparison, there were 863 male respondents and 279 female respondents among 1142 respondents. The survey took the form of multiple-choice questions that included the picture attached to each sign. However, the survey questionnaires included a few questions regarding driver gender, age, educational qualification, and driving experience. Similarly, the survey questionnaires for pedestrians had also been discussed questions regarding pedestrian gender, age, educational qualification, and job status. The overall traffic sign understanding of drivers was 68.68%. Moreover, the comprehensive traffic signs understanding of pedestrians was 64.5%. The findings showed that the drivers had a medium degree of understanding of the traffic sign’s meaning. However, the study results showed that efforts are needed to educate the drivers and pedestrians about the proper interpretation and reaction to traffic signals.

Approaches best suited for encouraging adults to vaccinate themselves may differ from those for encouraging parents to vaccinate their children. To describe vaccine hesitancy and literacy among the US adult population. This cross-sectional survey assessed vaccine hesitancy and literacy among the US adult population (aged 18–60), grouped by their role as decision makers (parents for their children aged <18 vs. adults for themselves). Results were also examined among adults without children aged <18 by race and by household income. Data were collected using multiple-choice questions, which are reported as numbers and percentages, or a 5-point Likert scale. Respondents included 1875 adults: 1183 adults without children aged <18 (63.1 %) and 692 parents of children aged <18 (36.9 %). Respondents generally agreed that vaccines are safe, effective, and a good way to protect themselves or their families. Respondents generally disagreed that vaccines are dangerous and overused and were neutral to claiming religious exemptions from vaccination. Most respondents trusted vaccines that had been available for two years or less (59.7 %). Respondents received most vaccine information from doctors' offices, public health sources, or pharmacies. Comparing parents with other adults, parents followed advice from friends, family, and colleagues more than other adults (p < 0.001) and parents felt they understood vaccine information better than other adults (p < 0.001). Parents were also more comfortable researching vaccine information than were other adults (p = 0.005). Adults reported pharmacies were most convenient of all points of care, and parents reported them second most convenient. Education about vaccine safety and the importance of childhood vaccinations among social networks may increase acceptance among vaccine-hesitant parents. Strategies focusing on increasing vaccine promotion at pharmacies may be effective for reducing vaccine hesitancy for all adults. •Approaches to encourage adults to vaccinate may differ from those for parents to vaccinate their children.•Most Americans, both adults and parents, have positive attitudes toward vaccination.•Education on vaccine safety and childhood vaccination importance may encourage vaccine-hesitant parents to vaccinate their children.•Promoting vaccines at pharmacies may effectively reduce hesitancy in both parents and adults.

The COVID-19 pandemic restrictions may have significant implications for patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). The objective of this study is to explore the impact of the pandemic on physical activity levels and health outcomes among MS patients, as well as to examine potential associations between these factors. In this cross-sectional study, 197 patients with confirmed MS diagnosis were included. Physical activity and health status were assessed using international physical activity questionnaire-long form (IPAQ-LF) and short form 36 health survey questionnaire (SF-36) during the period of restrictions. The relationship between clinical characteristics, physical activity levels and health status parameters were examined. A total of 45 participants (22.8%) scored low, 73 (37.1%) scored moderate, and 79 (49.1%) achieved a high level of physical activity during the COVID-19 pandemic. We observed no significant association between total physical activity and any domains of SF-36 health status, except for pain. However, correlations were found between IPAQ and SF-36 domains. Specifically, walking showed positive correlations with physical functioning, physical limitation, general health, and physical component summary score. Vigorous activity demonstrated a negative correlation with social functioning, while moderate activity displayed a positive correlation with energy levels. Despite the challenges of home isolation and quarantine, most of our participants managed to achieve a moderate to high level of physical activity, while their overall health status was found to be moderate. Additionally, significant correlations were identified between the domains of health status and different types of physical activity, particularly walking. Further studies are warranted to optimize the care and support provided to patients with MS.

Awareness of, and debate about, harassment, assault, bullying and intimidation (HABI) in archaeology has grown in recent years, but the issue remains under-researched. Here, the authors present the first Europe-wide survey to evaluate HABI in archaeological environments, from field to laboratory and classroom. The survey covers 18 forms of HABI, collecting more than 1000 responses from archaeologists of 49 nationalities. A total of 82 per cent of respondents report at least one HABI experience. The authors conclude that HABI is endemic in European archaeology, being experienced by all genders and ages, in multiple settings and countries. Documenting these behaviours is a critical first step to eradicating them and to achieving equity and safety in the discipline.