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Extending the release cycle of growth factors to match the cycle of bone remodeling is difficult. When using concentrated growth factors (CGFs), the release of growth factors is excessively rapid. In the present study, CGF samples were prepared by centrifugation. CGF samples were then lyophilized and grinded into a powder, which was termed freeze-dried CGF. The freeze-dried CGF samples were mixed with chitosan-alginate composite hydrogels, and the mixture was lyophilized. The result was a chitosan-alginate composite CGF membrane, which was called sustained-release CGF. This study investigated whether freeze-dried CGF in a chitosan-alginate composite gel can release CGF steadily to achieve effective osteogenesis. The proliferation and osteogenic expression of MC3T3-E1 cells induced by the supernatants from incubation with freeze-dried CGF and sustained-release CGF were evaluated. The concentrations of the growth factors, transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1), insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), platelet-derived growth factor-AB (PDGF-AB) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), in these two experimental groups at different times were determined by ELISA kits. The freeze-dried CGF showed better osteogenic performance than the sustained-release CGF in the early stages. At later stages, the sustained-release CGF had significant advantages over freeze-dried CGF in terms of promoting osteogenic mineralization. By characterizing the biologic properties of the CGF in the two different forms in vitro, we obtained a better understanding of their clinical effects.

Concentrated growth factors (CGFs) are widely used in surgery with bone grafting, but the release of growth factors from CGFs is rapid. RADA16, a self-assembling peptide, can form a scaffold that is similar to the extracellular matrix. Based on the properties of RADA16 and CGF, we hypothesized that the RADA16 nanofiber scaffold hydrogel could enhance the function of CGFs and that the RADA16 nanofiber scaffold hydrogel-wrapped CGFs (RADA16-CGFs) would perform a good osteoinductive function. This study aimed to investigate the osteoinductive function of RADA16-CGFs. Scanning electron microscopy, rheometry, and ELISA were performed, and MC3T3-E1 cells were used to test cell adhesion, cytotoxicity, and mineralization after administration with RADA16-CGFs. We found that RADA16 endowed with the sustained release of growth factors from CGFs, which can help maximize the function of CGFs in osteoinduction. The application of the atoxic RADA16 nanofiber scaffold hydrogel with CGFs can be a new therapeutic strategy for the treatment of alveolar bone loss and other problems that require bone regeneration.