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A Method of Realizing the Reliable Operation of the Variable Frequency Drive – Hot Backup Switching
In this paper, a method to realize the reliable operation of the variable frequency drive(VFD)is proposed: Hot Backup switching, and the electrical design, software design and test results are given. And meanwhile, also state the switching control principle, clearly indicate the distinctive difference and improved performance between traditional switching mode and Hot Backup switching mode. At the end, gain the conclusion based on test results and extend to bigger size of motor.
Journal Article
Exosomal PGE2 from M2 macrophages inhibits neutrophil recruitment and NET formation through lipid mediator class switching in sepsis
Background
Excess polymorphonuclear neutrophil (PMN) recruitment or excessive neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation can lead to the development of multiple organ dysfunction during sepsis. M2 macrophage-derived exosomes (M2-Exos) have exhibited anti-inflammatory activities in some inflammatory diseases to mediate organ functional protection, but their role in treating sepsis-related acute lung injury (ALI) remains unclear. In this study, we sought to investigate whether M2-Exos could prevent potentially deleterious inflammatory effects during sepsis-related ALI by modulating abnormal PMN behaviours.
Methods
C57BL/6 wild-type mice were subjected to a caecal ligation and puncture (CLP) mouse model to mimic sepsis in vivo
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and M2-Exos were administered intraperitoneally 1 h after CLP. H&E staining, immunofluorescence and immunohistochemistry were conducted to investigate lung tissue injury, PMN infiltration and NET formation in the lung. We further demonstrated the role of M2-Exos on PMN function and explored the potential mechanisms through an in vitro coculture experiment using PMNs isolated from both healthy volunteers and septic patients.
Results
Here, we report that M2-Exos inhibited PMN migration and NET formation, alleviated lung injury and reduced mortality in a sepsis mouse model. In vitro, M2-Exos significantly decreased PMN migration and NET formation capacity, leading to lipid mediator class switching from proinflammatory leukotriene B4 (LTB4) to anti-inflammatory lipoxin A4 (LXA4) by upregulating 15-lipoxygenase (15-LO) expression in PMNs. Treatment with LXA4 receptor antagonist attenuated the effect of M2-Exos on PMNs and lung injury. Mechanistically, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) enriched in M2-Exos was necessary to increase 15-LO expression in PMNs by functioning on the EP4 receptor, upregulate LXA4 production to downregulate chemokine (C-X-C motif) receptor 2 (CXCR2) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) expressions, and finally inhibit PMN function.
Conclusions
Our findings reveal a previously unknown role of M2-Exos in regulating PMN migration and NET formation through lipid mediator class switching, thus highlighting the potential application of M2-Exos in controlling PMN-mediated tissue injury in patients with sepsis.
Journal Article
Naming the world : language and power among the Northern Arapaho
\"An accessible, linguistics-focused account of language teaching, learning, and change in a Native American community\"--Provided by publisher.
Book
The push-pull-mooring model of consumer service switching: a meta-analytical review to guide future research
PurposeFor nearly 2 decades, the push-pull-mooring (PPM) model has been used frequently by scholars to explain consumers’ service switching intention and behavior. However, heterogeneity and incomparability between PPM model studies are prevalent issues: The chosen predictor variables, their categorization, their measurement, reported effect sizes, and effect directions vary considerably. By addressing these issues, the present meta-analytical review enables future researchers applying the PPM model to identify relevant variables and use valid measurements.Design/methodology/approachBased on 148 empirical studies employing the PPM model, the variables used to predict consumers’ service switching intention and behavior, their frequency of use, their categorization into push, pull, and mooring factors, and their measurement are assessed. The effect sizes and directions of the relationships between these variables and consumers’ service switching intention and behavior are analyzed using meta-analytic structural equation modeling. Additionally, the predictive capacity of this model and the influence of moderators are assessed.FindingsAmong the 148 empirical studies, 382 different independent variables were used. The three most frequently used and distinctly categorized independent variables are dissatisfaction (push), alternative attractiveness (pull), and switching costs (mooring). Overall, 152 unique sources were cited to measure these variables and the dependent variables. Dissatisfaction and alternative attractiveness increase switching intention, which positively affects switching behavior, while switching costs decrease switching intention. The model explains 30% of the variance in switching intention and 31% of the variance in switching behavior.Originality/valueThis study provides the first meta-analytical review of the PPM model to guide future research systematically.
Journal Article
The Cambridge handbook of linguistic code-switching
Code-switching - the alternating use of two languages in the same stretch of discourse by a bilingual speaker - generates a great deal of pointed discussion in the public domain. This handbook provides a guide to this bilingual phenomenon, drawing on empirical data from a wide-range of language pairings.
Book
Principles of Broadband Switching and Networking
An authoritative introduction to the roles of switching and transmission in broadband integrated services networks Principles of Broadband Switching and Networking explains the design and analysis of switch architectures suitable for broadband integrated services networks, emphasizing packet-switched interconnection networks with distributed routing algorithms. The text examines the mathematical properties of these networks, rather than specific implementation technologies. Although the pedagogical explanations in this book are in the context of switches, many of the fundamental principles are relevant to other communication networks with regular topologies. After explaining the concept of the modern broadband integrated services network and why it is necessary in today’s society, the book moves on to basic switch design principles, discussing two types of circuit switch design—space domain and time domain—and packet switch design. Throughput improvements are illustrated by some switch design variations such as Speedup principle, Channel-Grouping principle, Knockout principle, and Dilation principle. Moving seamlessly into advanced switch design principles, the book covers switch scalability, switch design for multicasting, and path switching. Then the focus moves to broadband communications networks that make use of such switches. Readers receive a detailed introduction on how to allocate network resources and control traffic to satisfy the quality of service requirements of network users and to maximize network usage. As an epilogue, the text shows how transmission noise and packet contention have similar characteristics and can be tamed by comparable means to achieve reliable communication. Principles of Broadband Switching and Networking is written for senior undergraduate and first-year postgraduate students with a solid background in probability theory.
eBook
Thickness-dependent monochalcogenide GeSe-based CBRAM for memory and artificial electronic synapses
Investigating the promising chalcogenide materials for the development of memory and advanced neuromorphic computing applications is a critical step in realizing electronic memory and synaptic devices that can efficiently emulate biological synaptic functions. However, the assessment of monochalcogenide materials for the fabrication of highly scalable memory and electronic synaptic devices that can accurately mimic synaptic functions remain limited. In the present study, we investigated the thickness-dependent resistive switching (RS) behavior of conductive bridge random access memory (CBRAM) based on a monochalcogenide GeSe switching medium for its possible application in high-performance memory and electronic synapses. GeSe thin films of different thicknesses (6, 13, 24, 35, 47, and 56 nm) were deposited via sputtering to fabricate CBRAM devices with a stacking sequence of Ag/GeSe/Pt/Ti/SiO
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. The devices exhibited compliance current (CC)-free and electroforming-free RS with highly stable endurance and retention characteristics with no major degradation. All devices with a thickness of 6 nm had a low-resistance state (LRS), which required an initial reset to ensure reliable switching cycles. The devices with a thickness of 47 nm and above exhibited the co-existence of unipolar resistive switching (U-RS) and bipolar resistive switching (B-RS) with the CC-controlled transition between the two switching behaviors. Multilevel resistance states in the 24-nm device between a highresistance state (HRS) and an LRS were achieved by controlling the set-CC (from 5 mA to CC-free) and the reset stop voltage (from −0.5 to −1.0 V) during the set and reset processes, respectively. The analog RS behavior of the device was further investigated with appropriate pulse measurements to emulate vital synaptic functions, including long-term potentiation (LTP), long-term depression (LTD), spike-rate-dependent plasticity (SRDP), spike-timing-dependent plasticity (STDP), paired-pulse facilitation (PPF), paired-pulse depression (PPD) and post-tetanic potentiation (PTP). Overall, the detailed investigation of thickness-dependent GeSe monochalcogenide material indicates that it is a highly suitable candidate for use in highly scalable memory devices and electronic synapses for neuromorphic computing applications.
Journal Article