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Newly developed tools and techniques are continuously established to analyze and monitor power systems’ transient stability limits. In this paper, a model-based transient stability index for each generator is proposed from the synchronizing torque contributions of all other connected generators in a multi-machine interconnected power system. It is a new interpretation of the generator’s synchronizing torque coefficient (STC) in terms of electromechanical oscillation modes to consider the synchronizing torque interactions among generators. Thus, the system operator can continuously monitor the system’s available secured transient stability limit in terms of synchronizing torque more accurately, which is helpful for planning and operation studies due to the modal based index. Furthermore, the popular transient stability indicator critical clearing time (CCT), and the traditionally determined synchronizing torque values without other generator contributions, are calculated to verify and compare the performance of the proposed transient stability index. The simulations and test result discussions are performed over a western system coordinating council (WSCC) 9-bus and an extensive New England 68-bus large power test system cases. The open-source power system analysis toolbox (PSAT) on the MATLAB/Simulink environment is used to develop, simulate, validate and compare the proposed transient stability index.

New techniques and approaches are constantly being introduced to analyze and enhance the transient stability of renewable energy-source-dominated power systems. This review article extensively discusses recent papers that have proposed novel and innovative techniques for analyzing and enhancing the renewable source-dominated power system’s transient stability. The inherent low-inertia characteristics of renewable energy sources combined with fast-acting power electronic devices pose new challenges in power systems. Different stability concerns exist for grid-following and subsequent grid-forming converter/inverter connections to power grids; hence, distinct solutions for enhancing the transient stability have been devised for each. Moreover, the fundamental concepts and characteristics of converter/inverter topologies are briefly discussed in this study. Recent discussions and reviews of analysis and enhancement techniques in transient stability could lead to new ways to solve problems in power systems that rely primarily on renewable energy sources.

With the large-scale centralized penetration of renewable energy represented by wind turbine and photovoltaic power generation, the equivalent inertia and synchronous torque of traditional power grids have decreased, which is worsening the frequency dynamics and threatening the stability and reliability of power grids. Virtual synchronous generators (VSGs) are a type of grid-friendly inverter in microgrids (MGs) that mimic rotational synchronous generators (SGs) to maintain system stability with the increasing penetration of power electronic converters. In this paper, the stability analysis method of one type of VSG, synchronverter, is investigated based on internal voltage dynamics. The torque components affecting the stability mechanism of synchronizing, inertia, and damping torque is introduced, which offers a physical insight into transient stability and dynamic performance. Insufficiency in either damping or synchronizing torque would increase the unstable possibility. The characterization method of stability mechanisms can be illustrated by the phasor diagram of synchronverter internal voltage. Some cases under different disturbances which change the pattern of synchronizing and damping torque and in turn influence the internal voltage dynamics of synchronverters, are also discussed. In addition, an auxiliary correction control loop is proposed and added in the synchronverter control loop to enhance the robustness of the synchronverter against disturbances. The tunable coefficient of the correction loop is analyzed based on the internal voltage method. Simulation results verify the validity of the internal voltage stability method in synchronverters.

This study considered the issue of increasing the synchronizing capacity of a system for the coordinated rotation of asynchronous motors. Electromechanical relationships were obtained for changes in the value of the supply voltage of individual motors, the total rotor resistance (Ra), and the angular positions of the rotors (φ1, φ2, and φ3), with possible changes in angular misalignment. Additionally, we created an algorithm for calculating the currents and torques of the system’s motors within 0 and 90° and constructed the relevant mechanical characteristics. Ultimately, we developed various versions of multi-motor asynchronous electric drives with regulation and supply voltages (Un = 0.7 ÷ 1.0), featuring increasing and equalizing torques (Mn = 1.0 ÷ 1.4) in the system as a whole, along with the preliminary synchronization and synchronous braking of all motors.

This study discusses the evaluation of oscillatory stability based on the synchronizing K s and damping K d torque coefficients for a single-machine system connected to an infinite bus (SMIB). Particle swarm optimization (PSO) technique is used to determine K s and K d values and subsequently identify the oscillatory stability conditions in the SMIB. The ability of PSO is compared with those of evolutionary programming (EP) techniques and artificial immune system (AIS). The least square (LS) method is selected as the benchmark for K s and K d values determined by PSO, EP, and AIS. Simulation results show that PSO successfully estimated K s and K d values closest to LS compared with EP and AIS. PSO also uses lower computational time compared with those of the two other techniques. The proposed technique is suitable for solving oscillatory stability problems based on the determination of eigenvalues and minimum damping ratio.

Theoretical work has been developed for investigating the performance of the damping and synchronizing torque coefficients for polyphase induction machines and synchronous reluctance machines. Six theorems are analytically formulated and proved. These are used as a new study in machine stability courses and are found to be useful for engineering education.

As one of the typical propulsion systems of the new-energy vehicles (NEVs), the dual-motor driving system (DMDS) is installed and fixed on the bodywork and moves together with the bodywork in space, that is, the DMDS works in non-inertial systems. The previous researches on the DMDS are based on the assumption that the bodywork is stationary. In fact, since the DMDS moves with the bodywork, besides its own excitation forces, it is inevitably affected by the additional inertial terms (AITs) caused by the change in the operating state of the NEVs. In order to investigate the dynamic response and synchronizing characteristic of the DMDS under different motion forms of NEVs, the dynamic model of the DMDS in a non-inertial system is established, considering the permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSMs), time-varying meshing stiffness and transmission error of gears. Subsequently, the expressions of the AITs are deduced under different non-inertial conditions. The translational motion and circular motion of the vehicle are selected to analyze the dynamic response and synchronizing characteristics of the DMDS in a non-inertial system. The results show that the acceleration has a significant influence on the displacement response of gears, torque and speed of PMSMs, but the torque synchronization and speed synchronization between PMSMs are minimally influenced by both the acceleration and the AITs. Meanwhile, the AITs that affect the displacement response are analyzed and quantified.

Wind turbines align with the wind direction and adjust to wind speed by rotating their nacelle and blades using electromechanical or hydraulic actuators. Due to the fact that the rated capacity of wind turbines is increasing and that the actuators are reaching some size limits, the current solution is to install several actuators at each joint until the required torque is reached. The problem with this approach is that, despite the fact the actuators can be selected from the same type and series, they typically have distinct parameters, resulting in different behaviours. The synchronisation of actuators of wind turbines has still not been studied in the specialised literature. Therefore, a control approach for the synchronisation of the pitch actuators is proposed in this work. Two cases are considered: the synchronisation of torque outputs and the synchronisation of position angle. The simulation results indicate that the proposed solution is effective for synchronising actuators, either when they are placed together on the same blade or when they are on separate blades while simultaneously following the collective pitch control command.