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Questions of syntax
\"There are far more syntactically distinct languages than we might have thought. Yet there are far fewer than there might have been. We need to understand why, in both cases. One common and relevant theme that runs through these chapters, with varying degrees of explicitness, concerns how wide a range of questions the field of syntax can reasonably attempt to ask and then answer. At issue, among other things, are the relation between syntax and (certain aspects of) semantics, the relation between syntax and what appear to be lexical questions, the relation between syntax and morphology, the relation between syntax and certain aspects of phonology (insofar as silent elements and their properties play a substantial role) and the extent to which comparative syntax can provide new and decisive evidence bearing on these different kinds of questions. More and more questions need to be asked, if we are to achieve depth of explanation. Comparative syntax provides evidence bearing on questions which are not initially comparative in nature. It is extremely fruitful to search for correlations across syntactic differences as a means of establishing a new kind of window into the language faculty. Micro-comparative syntax is an especially powerful tool that allows us to probe questions concerning the most primitive units of syntactic variation, and whose growth in recent decades is to be compared with the development of the earliest microscopes, . Comparative syntax sheds light on what might at first appear to be lexical questions, as in the case of transitive verbal need, whose cross-linguistic distribution is less arbitrary that it appears to be, when viewed in the context of a silent counterpart of have\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
Noun Phrase in the Generative Perspective
The goal of this book is twofold. On the one hand we want to offer a discussion of some of the more important properties of the nominal projection, on the other hand we want to provide the reader with tools for syntactic analysis which apply to the structure of DP but which are also relevant for other domains of syntax.
In order to achieve this dual goal we will discuss phenomena which are related to the nominal projection in relation to other syntactic phenomena (e.g. pro drop will be related to N-ellipsis, the classification of pronouns will be applied to the syntax of possessive pronouns, N-movement will be compared to V-movement, the syntax of the genitive construction will be related to that of predicate inversion etc.). In the various chapters we will show how recent theoretical proposals (distributed morphology, anti-symmetry, checking theory) can cast light on aspects of the syntax of the NP. When necessary, we will provide a brief introduction of these theoretical proposals. We will also indicate problems with these analyses, whether they be inherent to the theories as such (e.g. what is the trigger for movement in antisymmetric approaches) or to the particular instantiations.
The book cannot and will not provide the definitive analysis of the syntax of noun phrases. We consider that this would not be possible, given the current flux in generative syntax, with many new theoretical proposals being developed and explored, but the book aims at giving the reader the tools with which to conduct research and to evaluate proposals in the literature.
In the discussion of various issues, we will apply the framework that is most adequate to deal with problems at hand. We will therefore not necessarily use the same approach throughout the discussion.
Though proposals in the literature will be referred to when relevant, we cannot attempt to provide a critical survey of the literature. We feel that such a survey would be guided too strongly by theoretical choices, which would not be compatible with the pedagogical purposes this book has.
The book is comparative in its approach, and data from different languages will be examined, including English, German, Dutch (West-Flemish), Greek, Romance, Semitic, Slavic, Albanian, Hungarian, Gungbe.
eBook
Analyse comparative des adjectifs prudent et curieux : ébauche de l’interface syntaxe-sémantique argumentative
Il existe des adjectifs, tels que l’adjectif curieux, qui présentent une ambiguïté d’interprétation. Ainsi, la phrase « l’homme est curieux » peut être comprise de deux manières : (1) comme l’homme qui a envie de savoir des choses, ou (2) comme l’homme à propos duquel on a envie de savoir des choses. Cette ambiguïté n’est pas présente avec des adjectifs tels que prudent, courageux, avare, et bien d’autres. Nous postulons que cela est dû au fait que la signification de l’adjectif curieux diffère structurellement de celle des adjectifs prudent, courageux, avare, etc. Cette différence structurelle se situe au niveau de la structure profonde de leur signification.
Journal Article
La complémentation nominale et verbale : un rapport analogique du point de vue de la dépendance syntaxique ?
S’appuyant sur une expérimentation mettant en jeu une analogie entre le fonctionnement du complément de nom et celui du complément de verbe, notre recherche a deux objectifs principaux, d’une part, nous évaluons des acquisitions de connaissances grammaticales portant sur la dépendance syntaxique d’élèves du primaire et du secondaire en Suisse romande par une analyse quantitative et, d’autre part, nous rendons compte de certaines de leurs difficultés par une analyse descriptive. Les relations de dépendances syntaxiques sont peu conceptualisées et peu mobilisées dans l’enseignement grammatical, alors qu’elles paraissent nodales pour appréhender les relations syntagmatiques de la langue, notamment en ce qui concerne le fonctionnement de la complémentation. En effet, considérant qu’un complément est « la fonction de toute unité sous la dépendance syntaxique d’une autre de niveau supérieur » (Chartrand, 2010, p.1), l’utilisation du concept de dépendance syntaxique pour penser l’enseignement du fonctionnement hiérarchique et systémique de la langue nous semble à explorer.
Journal Article