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Grapes are important sources of phenolics, which are recognized to possess high biological value. In this work, we evaluated the total phenol content (TPC), total anthocyanin content (TAC), antioxidant activity (AA) and volatile composition of unstudied seedless table grape varieties (i.e., Autumn Crisp and Pristine as white cultivars, Scarlotta and Crimson as red cultivars and Adora and Melody as black cultivars). As a result, Adora and Melody exhibited higher TPCs, TACs and AA, measured by the 2,2-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazil (DPPH) and photochemiluminescence (PCL) assays, than the rest of the varieties. A comparison between the two black cultivars proved that Adora possessed higher TPC (62.70 mg GAE 100 g−1), DPPH radical scavenging activity (IC50 of 3.69 mg ml−1) and PCL antiradical activity (72.14 µg Trolox ml−1) than Melody (47.30 mg GAE 100 g−1, IC50 of 5.0 mg ml−1 and 42.36 µg Trolox ml−1, respectively). The volatile composition, determined by solid phase microextraction (SPME)–gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS), indicated a similar qualitative aroma profile for all varieties. However, quantitative differences were measured among them, which were reflected in distinct sensory perception by sensorial testing. From these results, Adora was selected for its antioxidant properties and flavor characteristics.

Table grapes are important plants due to their food consumption and economic value. They have been cultivated in many countries and comprise an important business industry. Grapes have been cultivated since ancient time in Iran and are cultivated in different province and face diverse environmental and climatic conditions. In general, there are a few genetic studies concerned with table grapes in Iran which are mainly confined to a few cultivars and only consider genetic diversity of the studied samples. There has been no report on landscape genetics and population genetic analysis of these cultivars. In present study 178 cultivated ( Vitis vinifera ) grape accessions were analyzed for genetic diversity and population structure using start codon targeted (SCoTs) molecular markers. A total of 35 alleles were detected, based on which, the populations showed a low to high genetic variability. Population genetic analyses revealed that the studied populations differ significantly in their genetic content, they show a high magnitude of genetic admixture. Landscape genetic analyses identified SCoT loci which are potentially adaptive to geographical variables and that both global and local spatial variables affect genetic structuring of table grapes in the country. In conclusion, novel findings were provided on genetic structure, gene flow, and spatial structuring of genetic content in table grape populations. Also, the genetic regions associated with the geographical, and landscape variables in table grape were identified.

Grapes (Vitis vinifera L.) are among the most widely cultivated and economically important fruits thanks to their ability to adapt to challenging climate and soil conditions and their various consuming options, such as table, wine, and raisin. Volatile aromatic compounds are considered one of the essential factors for grape and wine quality. However, the studies on table grape aromas are relatively scarce. In this study, the unique volatile composition and concentration of seven new hybrid table grape cultivars were investigated for the first time using solid-phase microextraction technique with GC-MS. A completely randomized design was used in the study. A total of 51 volatile compounds were detected, which consisted of 6 C6 compounds, 15 aldehydes and ketones, 6 terpenoids, 6 alcohols, 2 acids, 2 furans, 3 esters and 8 aromatic hydrocarbons. 3 miscellaneous compounds (3-decen-1-yne, 2,6,6-trimethyl-bicyclo[3.1.1] hept-3-ylamine and methoxy phenyl oxime) were also identified. The relative distribution of C6 compounds was 73.2–89.0%, aromatic hydrocarbons 4.1–9.9%, aldehydes and ketones 3.0–8.6%, terpenes 0–11.3%, alcohols 0.2–7.3%, esters 0.3–6.9%, furans 0–3.7%, acids 0–0.8% and other compounds were 0.4–0.8%. ‘Efem’ and ‘Ece’ were prominent in terms of total terpene concentration. The highest volatile concentration was determined in ‘Ece’ (340.10 µg kg−1). ‘Ece’ was followed by ‘Mesir’ (302.24 µg kg−1), ‘Efem’ (252.86 µg kg−1), ‘Lidya’ (242.13 µg kg−1), ‘Beyra’ (212.97 µg kg−1), ‘Spil Karası’ (197.83 µg kg−1) and ‘Manisa Pembesi’ (185.45 µg kg−1). In the study, ‘Efem’ and ‘Ece’ stand out with their characteristic aromas. The present study has provided the first findings on the volatile composition of these seven new hybrid table grape cultivars and made a new contribution to the limited number of sources about the aroma composition of table grapes.

Re-emergence of Grapevine Trunk Diseases (GTDs) in many world vineyards within the span of a mere two decades has become a subject of major concern for the viticulture sector. In Tunisia, knowledge about the symptoms of GTDs and the associated microflora is hitherto incomplete. In order to investigate this point, ten vineyards served as model for the analysis and monitoring of the symptoms of GTDs on cv. Italia (Muscat d’Italie) used to produce table grapes, in the Northern region of Tunisia. Depending on the vineyards, typical GTD-foliar symptoms with incidence ranging from 0.03% to 6% were observed. Fungal strains were isolated from necrotic wood tissues of the trunk of grapevines showing decline, small and distorted leaves and chloroses. Sequencing of the rDNA-Internal Transcribed Spacer region of the fungal strains allowed us to identify for the first time in Tunisia three fungi described in the literature as involved in GTDs: Lasidiodiplodia pseudotheobromae, Neofusicoccum parvum and Schizophyllum commune. The ability of these fungal strains to grow in Mediterranean climate was investigated by studying mycelial growth at various temperatures. As these fungal strains were isolated from the same wood samples, their ability to compete in vitro and in planta was tested, as well as their pathogenicity. For that purpose, strains were inoculated singly or in combination on cv. Italia young vines. Pathogenicity of the isolated fungi was evident but positive interaction between fungal strains was not observed.

Table grapes artificially inoculated with B. Cinerea were tested under four different ozonation strategies in order to achieve prolongation of table grapes’ shelf-life time. Decay incidence, external disease appearance, number of infected grapes, weight loss and a variety of quality parameters such as sugars and proteins content were checked after every 3 days. No significant alteration of table grapes quality characteristics was observed after their exposure to ozone atmosphere. Moreover, the low ozone dosage process (0.3 ppm) caused sufficient restriction of fruit decay due to fungal contamination and secured a 40-days-period of storage time. However, the observed weight loss was somewhat higher on the treated samples compared to the untreated ones. From technical and economical point of view the low dosage (0.3 ppm) ozonation process on a daily basis combined with the cold storage appears to a very promising method for table grapes preservation.

Conventional crossing of stenospermocarpic grapes for the obtainment of seedless cultivars presents some technical constraints causing embryo abortion in the early berry developmental stages. Embryo rescue technique partially overcomes these limitations, but the obtainment of viable plantlets relies on the optimization of several genetic and methodological issues. This work aimed to regenerate viable plants from immature ovules of stenospermocarpic table grape hybrids by applying a three-step in vitro culture protocol consisting of embryo development, embryo germination-rooting, and plantlet formation. The influence of parental genotypes (six “seedless × seedless” crosses), ovule sampling time (30, 40, 50 days after pollination (DAP)), and extent of embryo germination induction (4, 6, 8 weeks) was assessed on ovule fertilization, embryo development and germination, rooting, and plantlet formation to establish the best rescue time for each combination hybrid. Our optimized protocol included immature ovule isolation for 40 DAP and embryo germination induction for 8 weeks. As for genotypes, the most efficient embryo germination was recovered from hybrids of Thompson, Superior, and Regal cultivars, whereas the highest percentage of viable plants was derived from 50-DAP ovules of Luisa × Thompson progeny. Such an optimized protocol could be useful to maximize the efficiency of future breeding programs for grape seedlessness.

The plant alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) is essential for the conversion of aldehydes to alcohols, and plays a vital role in the regulation of six-carbon (C6) volatile production. By searching the entire-grape genome, we verified 11 candidate ADH genes, including eight new sequences. During fruit storage, transcriptional patterns of the grape ADH genes differed in response to abscisic acid (ABA) treatment. Out of these 11 genes, 3 ADH genes ( VvADH2 , VvADH04 and VvADH06 ) were induced by ABA treatment, resulting in the accumulation of C6 volatiles. ABA treatment significantly promoted the accumulation of endogenous ABA and expressions of ABA synthesis genes ( VvNCED1 , VvCYP7O7A1 , and VvPYL8 ). These findings showed ABA was associated with C6 volatile synthesis and related ADH gene expression of table grape fruits during postharvest storage.

The protection of vineyards with overhead plastic covers is a technique largely applied in table grape growing. As with other crops, remote sensing of vegetation spectral reflectance is a useful tool for improving management even for table grape viticulture. The remote sensing of the spectral signals emitted by vegetation of covered vineyards is currently an open field of investigation, given the intrinsic nature of plastic sheets that can have a strong impact on the reflection from the underlying vegetation. Baring these premises in mind, the aim of the present work was to run preliminary tests on table grape vineyards covered with polyethylene sheets, using Copernicus Sentinel 2 (Level 2A product) free optical data, and compare their spectral response with that of similar uncovered vineyards to assess if a reliable spectral signal is detectable through the plastic cover. Vine phenology, air temperature and shoot growth, were monitored during the 2016 growing cycle. Twenty-four Copernicus Sentinel 2 (S2, Level 2A product) images were used to investigate if, in spite of plastic sheets, vine phenology can be similarly described with and without plastic covers. For this purpose, time series of S2 at-the-ground reflectance calibrated bands and correspondent normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), modified soil-adjusted vegetation index, version two (MSAVI2) and normalized difference water index (NDWI) spectral indices were obtained and analyzed, comparing the responses of two covered vineyards with different plastic sheets in respect of two uncovered ones. Results demonstrated that no significant limitation (for both bands and spectral indices) was introduced by plastic sheets while monitoring spectral behavior of covered vineyards.

In viticulture, choosing the most suitable rootstock for a specific scion cultivar is an efficient and cost-effective way to increase yield and enhance the physicochemical characteristics of the fruit. The objective of this study was to evaluate the agronomic performance of the ‘BRS Tainá’ grapevine on different rootstocks under the conditions of the Sub-Middle São Francisco Valley. The main experimental factor consisted of eight rootstocks (IAC 313, IAC 572, IAC 766, 101-14 MgT, Paulsen 1103, Ramsey, SO4, and Teleki 5C), arranged in randomized blocks with four replicates. The experiment was conducted over four production cycles, from 2021 to 2023, in a commercial crop area in Petrolina, PE, Brazil. There were significant effects of rootstocks for the yield and number of bunches per plant, as well as berry length and firmness. ‘BRS Tainá’ achieved the highest yield (22.2 kg per plant) when grafted onto the Paulsen 1103 rootstock, which was superior to the yield on 101-14 MgT, IAC 313, and IAC 572 rootstocks. The highest number of bunches (88) was obtained with ‘BRS Tainá’ grafted on Paulsen 1103, while the lowest number (63) was obtained on IAC 572; both these rootstocks were not significantly different from the other rootstocks. For all scion–rootstock combinations, the mean values for soluble solid (SS) content, titratable acidity (TA), and the SS/TA ratio were similar to those previously described for ‘BRS Tainá’, meeting the commercialization standard. The results for the yield and number of bunches per plant indicate the suitability of grafting ‘BRS Tainá’ on Paulsen 1103 under the semi-arid tropical conditions of the São Francisco Valley.

Table grape (Vitis vinifera L.) is considered to be one of the most popular fruit crops in the world. Italy is the leading table-grape producer in the EU and is the main European exporting country. However, to stay competitive, new solutions and perspectives, including varietal renovation, are now needed in addition to the already well-established Italian table-grape production lines consisting of conventional open-field cultivation and greenhouse cultivation. One of these new perspectives is represented by the development of table-grape soil-less cultivation systems (TGSC) under greenhouse. In fact, TGSC systems are alleged to offer many advantages in terms of the advancement of berry maturity, extreme varietal flexibility, easier manipulation of the vegetative–reproductive cycle, higher yields of high quality extra-seasonal production, higher sustainability for reduced pesticides application, and higher use efficiency of water and fertilizers than conventional (soil-grown) cultivation. They can be also useful for overcoming soil- and rootstock-related problems. In this review, the opportunities offered by the recently developed table-grape soil-less cultivation systems are thoroughly examined and updated to the latest experimental and application findings of the sector’s research activity. A special emphasis is given to the evolution of the applied technical solutions, varietal choice, and environmental conditions for the aims of table-grape soil-less cultivation.