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Educational reforms rely heavily on teacher engagement and perception, yet limited research has examined how these reforms are received across diverse Indonesian contexts. This study investigates teachers' perceptions of the Merdeka Belajar policy, focusing on differences between urban and rural settings. A quantitative survey was administered to 581 teachers (336 urban, 245 rural) across eight Indonesian regions, selected through stratified random sampling. A validated Likert-scale instrument measured perceptions of policy implementation, including challenges, support systems, and communication practices. Results indicate that rural teachers were generally more positive toward the reforms but struggled with limited resources (mean score: 4.16) and vague policy directives. Urban teachers reported better access to professional development and teaching materials, yet expressed mixed views on the alignment between reforms and classroom realities. Across both groups, participants highlighted weak communication and insufficient inclusiveness in policymaking. Despite systemic challenges, rural teachers showed notable resilience and adaptability. The study recommends reducing urban-rural disparities through equitable resource distribution, targeted training, and improved stakeholder engagement. Future studies should incorporate qualitative methods and broaden geographic coverage to deepen understanding.

Digital game-based learning has received increased attention in education. As the key stakeholders in education, students, parents, and teachers may have different perceptions and attitudes towards game-based learning, which have a great impact on its adoption and dissemination. However, there is a lack of research examining how the perceptions of different stakeholders towards digital educational games may differ and influence each other. This study aimed to address the gap by investigating the perceptions of students, parents and teachers towards digital educational games, the differences and relationships between their perceptions, and possible sources of their perceptions. The study was conducted with 415 participants in China, a country that has tension between play and learning in its traditional values. The results reveal that most students, parents and teachers have certain experience playing mobile games, but with limited knowledge about educational digital games. Students have more positive perceptions towards digital educational games than teachers and parents, and the perceptions of teachers and parents are correlated with each other. After an introduction to an educational digital game, students’ and parents’ intention to recommend game-based learning increased, which, however, was not the case for teachers. Implications of the findings were discussed.

The quality of education provided to students is closely related to teacher professional knowledge and teaching-learning activities used in classrooms. Teachers' and students' perceptions of teaching-learning activities used in their classrooms may influence and give insight into educational quality. This study compared 40 teachers' and 469 students' perceptions about teaching-learning activities used in biology classrooms. The participants were selected from eight Zambian secondary schools, and data were collected using paper-based Likert-scale surveys. Data were analysed using the statistical package for the social sciences (SPSS) to compute frequencies and Chi-square tests. The results revealed that teachers had more positive perceptions than students for all teaching-learning activities indicators. Furthermore, the perceptual differences between teachers and students were statistically significant for most (65%) of the teaching-learning activities. The results also revealed that the participants' perceptions of teaching-learning activities in the components 'making biology teaching-learning easy' and 'assessment strategies' were negative. The implications of these findings for teaching and learning were discussed. The study recommends exploring the reasons behind the participants' perceptions through data from actual classroom observations. The study also recommends supporting teachers' enactment of teaching-learning activities related to the categories 'making biology teaching-learning easy' and 'assessment strategies'.

Education for Sustainable Development (ESD) has been viewed as education that helps people develop the attitude, skills, and knowledge to make well-informed decisions for the benefit of the present and future generations. It aims at providing quality education through shared understanding and multi-disciplinary approaches in meeting the developmental and environmental apprehension for a sustainable future. Many theorists envisaged ESD as enhancing active involvement of learners both in school and out of school learning initiatives to acquire knowledge about sustainable development issues. The present paper discusses Namibian school teachers’ (n=9) perceptions of ESD and the teachers’ teaching practices using a qualitative-explorative study design. The data were gathered through two semi-structured interviews and lesson observations. The findings have revealed that senior secondary school teachers perceive ESD in terms of knowledge acquisition about the environment in order to use its resources sustainably for the benefit of future generations. The study has also revealed that teachers have positive sentiment toward the inclusion of ESD into the senior secondary school curriculum. Following this, they suggested that ESD should be either implemented as an independent subject or integrated with other existing subjects as a multi-disciplinary subject.

The transition to formal education is a critical transition in children’s lives that has importance for socio-emotional and behavioral functioning. In the transition process, teachers are key players who work intensively with children and their families. This article focuses on teachers’ perceptions of children´s socio-emotional behavior during the transition from preschool to primary school. We collected qualitative teacher interviews from 112 teachers from five different countries—Australia, China, Finland, Japan and Spain. The research questions were: (1) How do teachers in the five countries perceive children’s abilities in expressing and regulating emotions. (2) How are children’s emotions linked to their family relationships? (3) What similarities and differences across countries exist in teachers’ perceptions of children’s emotions? Overall, the interviewed teachers considered children’s emotional skills of crucial importance in the first grade and emphasized the importance of teaching children emotional skills, emotion management and regulation. The teachers reported that children can be stressed, worried or anxious during the transition. The educators also reported that transitions in the family such as parental divorce, the birth of a sibling or the death of a family member can manifest in children at school as restlessness, excitement, sadness or instability. Similarities and differences in the emphasis placed on children’s emotions by teachers were found across the five countries. We interpret these results to reflect differences in teacher education, school culture, resources and teachers’ freedom of choice in the educational system in the different participating countries. These factors all impact on how teachers think about children and emotions.

The article examines Swedish early childhood education teachers' conceptions of children's rights and their understanding of the role and assignment of early childhood education in relation to rights. The study also investigates how understandings have changed over time as teachers were interviewed in two different rounds ten years apart. Four conceptions of what children's rights entail in early childhood education were identified: children should be respected, children are entitled to feel safe, learning is a right, and rights for children need to be adapted. Each of these centres a specific right or rights aspect, in turn pointing out a particular task for early childhood education. The four right conceptions appear at both interview times; however, a higher proportion of the teachers express them in the second round of interviews, and the reasoning around the notions is more elaborated at this point. The findings consequently indicate a high stability over time in early childhood teachers' basic understanding of children's rights and what the role of education is. At the same time, teachers' awareness and knowledge of children's rights have evidently increased over time.

The advancements in technology offer great opportunities for education from distance. The adoption of distance learning in English as a Foreign Language (EFL) has experienced fast-paced development in the Vietnamese context. However, little has been known about teachers' perceptions regarding EFL distance teaching (DT). This case study explores this aspect in an Open university in Viet Nam. An explanatory sequential mixed-method design was employed to collect data from 35 EFL DT teachers. The quantitative data from the questionnaire were analyzed by SPSS version 20.0 while the qualitative data from the semi-structured interviews were codified thematically. The research findings revealed the perceptions of teachers regarding the advantages and challenges of DT offering for students and teachers. Besides, how teachers perceived the university policies of DT was also discussed. Drawn from our findings, this study provides pedagogical implications to enhance DT pedagogy and learning practice, as well as valuable recommendations for improved quality of EFL DT in Viet Nam and wider contexts. This study focuses on the EFL teachers' perceptions of Distance Teaching (DT), including its advantages, challenges and underlying reasons, in a Vietnamese Open University context. The results showed that DT provides flexible scheduling, benefiting students with busy schedules. The participants also expressed varied views on the policies of the university, emphasizing its roles and efforts in enhancing a variety of facets that contribute to the better quality of DT. Besides, prioritizing professional development and academic integrity is important for teachers of DT, and healthcare provisions for teachers should be carefully considered by the university. These implications contribute to the overall improvement of DT practices and delivery in the EFL context at this open university, and hopefully in other DT institutions as well.

Considerable research has examined the positive educational experiences of students of color assigned to teachers of the same race or ethnicity. Underlying this research is the belief that the cultural fit between students and teachers has the potential to improve a child’s academic and nonacademic performance in school. This comprehensive review examines the extent to which Black and Latino/a students (1) receive more favorable ratings of classroom behavior and academic performance, (2) score higher on standardized tests, and (3) have more positive behavioral outcomes when assigned to a teacher of the same race/ethnicity. Assignment to a same-race teacher is associated with more favorable teacher ratings, although the relationship differs by school level. There is fairly strong evidence that Black students score higher on achievement tests when assigned to a Black teacher. Less consistent evidence is found for Latino/a students.

This study aimed to explore primary school teachers' perception of using Interactive Mathematics (IM) software in teaching and learning activities using qualitative interpretive phenomenology. It involved seven teachers non-randomly selected from the lower and upper primary with different gender and teaching experiences who participated in a semi-structured interview which took around 30 minutes on average for each interviewed teacher after the experimentation period. Data were collected by recording and writing in a notebook some key information using both English and Kinyarwanda languages to capture the maximum perception of teachers. Translation of Kinyarwanda answers to English and transcription followed by respecting the main interview questions. Three themes emerged: (1) the disadvantages of traditional teaching and learning of mathematics, (2) the benefits of aspects of ICT and interactive mathematics software, and (3) the challenges of using ICT and interactive mathematics software. Based on the findings, suggestions, and recommendations about the effective utilization of IM in classroom activities, as well as its integration into the curriculum, were discussed.

Employment is one important post-school outcome for youth and adults and its benefits include enjoying a productive life, enhanced self-worth, and economic independence. Although Botswana has made notable strides to enhance post-school outcomes for students with disabilities (SWDs), many of these youth continue to face underemployment and unemployment. Hence, this study used a quantitative research approach to examine vocational teachers' perceptions of necessary transition components and the relevance of the curriculum in helping SWDs to transition to employment successfully. Participants were selected through census and purposive sampling from two regions in Botswana and their gender and teaching experience differences were further examined. A total of 158 participants completed a paper survey. A Factorial ANOVA was run to determine significant differences in participants' perceptions of essential transition components and the relevance of vocational coursework in supporting SWDs to transition successfully to employment. A Tukey post hoc test was run to establish differences between groups. Participants held somewhat positive beliefs about transition components and vocational coursework. However, participants' views were inconsistent based on gender and teaching experience. This diversity of views clearly shows the extent to which vocational teachers differ regarding transition planning, which may hinder the effective delivery of transition services.