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With the increasing interest in the application of electrochromism to flexible and wearable electronics in recent years, flexible electrochromic devices (ECDs) that can function at extreme temperatures are required. However, the functionalities of flexible ECDs are severely hampered by the inadequate choice of electrolytes, which might ultimately result in performance fading during low‐ and high‐temperature operations. Here, we develop a deep eutectic solvent (DES)‐based gel electrolyte that can maintain its optical, electrical, and mechanical properties over a wide range of temperatures (−40 to 150°C), exhibiting an extremely high visible‐range transmittance over 90%, ion conductivity of 0.63 mS cm−1, and fracture strain exceeding 2000%. Owing to the excellent processability of the DES‐based electrolytes, provided by dynamic interactions such as the lithium and hydrogen bonding between the DES and polymer matrix, a directly written patterning in ECDs is realized for the first time. The fabricated ECDs exhibit an excellent electrochromic behavior superior to the behavior of the ECDs fabricated with traditional gel electrolytes. The introduction of such DES‐based electrolytes is expected to pave the way for a widespread application of electrochromic products. The gel electrolyte constructed with deep eutectic solvent (DES) and acrylate‐based copolymer enables a direct writing electrolyte layer for patterning in flexible electrochromic devices (ECDs), which can maintain its excellent optical transparency, electrical, and mechanical properties over a wide span of temperature ranging from −40 to 150°C.

The high-temperature durability performance plays a crucial role in the applications of single-crystal (SX) superalloys repaired by laser-directed energy deposition (L-DED). A specialized heat treatment process for L-DED-repaired SX superalloys was developed in this study. The effect of the newly customized heat treatment on the microstructure and high-temperature mechanical properties of DD32 SX superalloy repaired by L-DED was investigated. Results indicate that the repaired area of the newly customized heat treatment specimen still maintained a SX structure, the average size of the γ′ phase was 236 nm, and the volume fraction was 69%. Obviously recrystallized grains were formed in the repair area of the standard heat treatment specimens, and carbide precipitated along the grain boundary. The size of the γ′ phase was about 535 nm. The high-temperature durable life of the newly custom heat treatment specimen was about 19.09 h at 1000 °C/280 MPa, the fracture mode was microporous aggregation fracture, and the fracture location was in the repair area. The durable life of the standard heat treatment specimen was about 8.70 h, the fracture mode was cleavage fracture, and the fracture location was in the matrix area. The crack source of both specimens was interdendrite carbide.

Background and objective This study was designed to investigate heat accumulation and bone thermal necrosis for various distances between holes and time delays between drillings. Methods The tests were performed at three distances (6, 12, 16 mm) and three time delays: 0, 5 and 10 s. To examine the efficiency of coolants, CO 2 coolant was also tested in addition to two common cooling modes in bone drilling. Results The main results were the trend of temperature–time graph, maximum temperature at drilling site, temperature distribution on the surface of drilling site, temperature durability and returning time. The effect of lateral drillings on the initial hole was notable in drilling at a distance of 6 mm without cooling. This effect did not disappear even by increasing the time delay up to 10 s. The results obtained for drilling with normal saline coolant were not sufficiently acceptable due to the manual and non-uniform cooling process as well as the relative obstruction of the chips exit path. Generally, drillings with two common cooling modes, even when the distances between holes and time delays between drillings were controlled, did not yield all favorable conditions for preventing bone thermal necrosis. Conclusion Bone drilling using CO 2 coolant eliminates the risk of bone thermal necrosis completely even in cases that the distances between holes in plates or implants are 6 mm and there is no time delay between drillings. These results can be especially useful in emergency orthopedic surgeries and for designing the location of screw holes in implants and plates.

To reduce the impact of road ice and snow disaster, it is necessary to adopt low energy consumption and efficient active deicing and snow melting methods. In this article, three functional components are combined into a conductive ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM) rubber composite material with good interface bonding. Among them, the mechanical and electrical properties of the composite material are enhanced by using carbon fiber cloth as a heating layer. EPDM rubber plays a mainly protective role. Further, aluminum silicate fiber cloth is used as a thermal insulation layer. The mechanical properties of EPDM rubber composites reinforced by carbon fiber cloth and the thermal behaviors of the composite material in high and low temperature environments were studied. The heat generation and heat transfer effect of the composite were analyzed by electrothermal tests. The results show that the conductive EPDM rubber composite material has good temperature durability, outstanding mechanical stability, and excellent heat production capacity. The feasibility of the material for road active deicing and snow melting is verified. It is a kind of electric heating deicing material with broad application prospects.

Pulsed-laser deposition has been developed to prepare large-area In2S3 nanofilms and their photoelectric characteristics have been investigated. The In2S3 nanofilm grown under 500 ​°C is highly oriented along the (103) direction with exceptional crystallinity. The corresponding (103)-oriented In2S3 photodetectors exhibit broadband photoresponse from 370.6 ​nm to 1 064 ​nm. Under 635 ​nm illumination, the optimized responsivity, external quantum efficiency, and detectivity reach 19.8 A/W, 3 869%, and 2.59 ​× ​1012 Jones, respectively. In addition, the device exhibits short rise/decay time of 3.9/3.0 ​ms. Of note, first-principles calculations have unveiled that the effective carrier mass along the (103) lattice plane is much smaller than those along the (100), (110) and (111) lattice planes, which thereby enables high-efficiency transport of photocarriers and thereby the excellent photosensitivity. Profited from the sizable bandgap, the In2S3 photodetectors also showcase strong robustness against elevated operating temperature. In the end, proof-of-concept imaging application beyond human vision and under high operating temperature as well as heart rate monitoring have been achieved by using the In2S3 device of the sensing component. This study introduces a novel crystal orientation engineering paradigm for the implementation of next-generation advanced optoelectronic systems. [Display omitted]

This study investigated the high-temperature tensile durability of G115 steel after aging at 650 °C for different periods of time using a high-temperature tensile testing system. The results show that with the increase in aging time, the microstructure of G115 steel changes to a certain extent, which shows that as the martensite lath width and HAGB increases, the dislocation density decreases and the second precipitate shows obvious growth. As the tensile test temperature increases, the tensile strength decreases from ~750 MPa to ~350 MPa. The effect of aging time on the high-temperature tensile durability of steel after a 3000 h aging process is not significant, which should be related to the relatively high microstructure thermal stability of G115 steel during the aging process.

To clarify the friction durability, both during and after the high-temperature heating of nanometer-thick diamond-like carbon (DLC) films, deposited using filtered cathodic vacuum arc (FCVA) and plasma chemical vapor deposition (P-CVD) methods, the dependence of the friction coefficient on the load and sliding cycles of the DLC films, were evaluated. Cluster-I consisted of a low friction area in which the DLC film was effective, while cluster-II consisted of a high friction area in which the lubricating effect of the DLC film was lost. The friction durability of the films was evaluated by statistical cluster analysis. Extremely thin FCVA-DLC films exhibited an excellent wear resistance at room temperature, but their friction durability was decreased at high temperatures. In contrast, the durability of the P-CVD-DLC films was increased at high temperatures when compared with that observed at room temperature. This inverse dependence on temperature corresponded to the nano-friction results obtained by atomic force microscopy. The decrease in the friction durability of the FCVA-DLC films at high temperatures, was caused by a complex effect of temperature and friction. The tribochemical reaction produced by the P-CVD-DLC films reduced their friction coefficient, increasing their durability at high temperatures.

Hydrothermal corrosion is a lifetime-limiting mechanism for silicon-based, non-oxide ceramics in combustion environments. Many desirable materials for use as protective coatings are physically or chemically incompatible with the non-oxide substrate materials. A unique method of engineering bond-coats and coating systems for non-oxide systems has been developed and shown to improve the hydrothermal corrosion resistance of silicon nitride and silicon-carbide based materials. Progress in work to investigate the effect of adding oxidation resistant filler materials to polymer-derived bond coats for environmental barrier coatings is discussed. Additional data are provided showing that the bond coat system can be adapted to composite silicon carbide. Initial results on the high-temperature durability of these coatings are presented.

Indium antimony oxide films were deposited onto SiO 2 -coated Si wafers (SiO 2 /Si) or fused silica glass substrates at 400°C by RF magnetron sputtering. The sputtering depositions were carried out with a mixture of Ar and O 2 gases using a sintered ceramic disk of In 0.2x Sb 0.3x O x as the target, the composition of which was optimized for the deposition of stoichiometric InSbO 4 films with high crystallinity. The transmittance of the InSbO 4 films was greater than 80% in visible light. The InSbO 4 films were found to have high durability in terms of their electrical properties at annealing temperatures between 400°C and 1100°C, whereas their resistivity increased considerably at annealing temperatures above 1200°C due to the separation of a new Sb 2 O 4 phase.

The actual lifetimes of many highways are lower than that expected based on the initial pavement design, which brings increasingly prohibitive costs of pavement maintenance and repair. Although many works have been done, the real service lifetimes are still disappointing, and the researchers are also trying their best to increase the projects’ life span. In this study, to comprehensively predict the durability and lifetime of newly designed asphalt mixture structures, an asphalt pavement project consisting of three hot mix asphalt (HMA) mixtures were evaluated. The mixtures were constructed in the pavement project of the Weiwu expressway in Gansu Province. Pavement properties of the asphalt mixtures, rutting and temperature fatigue factors of the dynamic modulus are discussed. The fatigue resistance is supposed to improve on increasing the vehicles’ speed below the freezing point, which may be more suitable for applications in expressways. Meanwhile, the lifetime is measured according to the number of fatigue axle loads calculated, which were corrected between the specimens in the lab and the field core samples. Durability analysis prediction can be obtained based on the fatigue lifetime predictive model accordingly, which can provide more information about the fatigue lifetime and the rehabilitation planning of existing pavements in the future accordingly.