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Libraries and new co-work processes have in common the trope of the third space. As a representation and transcendental condition for social innovation, the third space is a physical and digital ecosystem for generative and circular experiences. As community hubs, the interdisciplinary libraries must include all users, including non-territorial workers. They are local information centers and can be considered peripheral drivers to support new professional practices, flexible reorganizations, and the enhancement of soft skills. This contribution evaluates the global phenomenon of ‘coworking’ as a practice extensible in libraries, especially to expand opportunities for civil coexistence and propose new episodes of lifelong learning. It also suggests ways to continue the research process on logistics, dynamic literacies, serendipity accelerators, media activism, and in-betweenness.   Biblioteche e orientamento al coworking: il terzo spazio per l’apprendimento. Biblioteche e nuovi processi di co-lavoro hanno in comune il topos del terzo spazio. Inteso come rappresentazione e condizione trascendentale per l’innovazione sociale, il terzo spazio è un ecosistema fisico e digitale per esperienze generative e circolari. Le biblioteche interdisciplinari, nel ruolo di community hub, sono chiamate a includere tutti i pubblici, compresi pertanto i lavoratori deterritorializzati. Sono centri informativi locali e come tali possono essere considerate driver periferici a supporto delle nuove pratiche professionali, della loro riorganizzazione flessibile e nel potenziamento di competenze trasversali. In questo contributo il fenomeno globale del ‘coworking’ è valutato come pratica estensibile nelle biblioteche, in special modo per ampliare le opportunità di convivenza civile e proporre nuovi episodi di apprendimento lungo l’arco della vita. Sono suggerite altresì piste per continuare il processo di ricerca in tema di logistica, dynamic literacies, serendipity accelerators, media activism e presidi in-betweenness.

Background Perioperative hypovolemia and fluid overload have effects on both complications following surgery and on patient survival. Therefore, the administration of intravenous fluids before, during, and after surgery at the right time and in the right amounts is of great importance. This review aims to analyze the literature concerning perioperative fluid therapy in abdominal surgery and to provide evidence-based recommendations for clinical practice. Results Preoperative oral or intravenous administration of carbohydrate containing fluids has been shown to improve postoperative well-being and muscular strength and to reduce insulin resistance. Hence, the intake of fluid (preferably containing carbohydrates) should be encouraged up to 2 h prior to surgery in order to avoid dehydration. Excessive intravenous fluid administration adds to tissue inflammation and edema formation, thereby compromising tissue healing. During major abdominal surgery a “zero-balance” intraoperative fluid strategy aims at avoiding fluid overload (and comparable to the so-called restrictive approach) as well as goal-directed fluid therapy (GDT). Both proved to significantly reduce postoperative complications when compared to “standard fluid therapy”. Trials comparing “restrictive” or zero-balance and GDT have shown equal results, as long as fluid overload is avoided in the GDT group as well (categorized as “zero-balance GDT”). It is possible that high-risk surgical patients, such as those undergoing acute surgery, may benefit from the continuous monitoring of circulatory status that the GDT provides. Data on this group of patients is not available at present, but trials are ongoing. Conclusion In elective surgery, the zero-balance approach has shown to reduce postoperative complications and is easily applied for most patients. It is less expensive and simpler than the zero-balance GDT approach and therefore recommended in this review. In outpatient surgery, 1–2 L of balanced crystalloids reduces postoperative nausea and vomiting and improves well-being.

This paper explores the global reception and development of the artistic expression of onomatopoeia and mimetic words in modern and contemporary Japanese literary texts adopting the method of comparative literature. By analyzing sound-symbolic words and their translations in modern Japanese poetry and contemporary comics, the intercultural dialogues of these texts are examined and the emergence of hybrid onomatopoeia in global comic works is illuminated. The Japanese language is often noted for its richness of sound-symbolic words. In the literary world, modern poetry adopted and elaborated the use of these words from the late 19th century in its quest for a new style of poetry. In the early 20th century, poets developed the artistic expression of sound-symbolic words and succeeded in giving musicality to the \"new-style poem\". However, the translation of Japanese sound-symbolic words has always been problematic. Experimental uses of these words in modern poems were often untranslatable, making the translations incomprehensible or dull. Nevertheless, graphic narratives and their worldwide distribution changed that situation. Japanese comics (manga) has particularly developed the artistic expression of sound-symbolic words. Usually placed outside speech balloons, these words are elaborately depicted and are important elements of the panel/page layout. Notably, the global popularity of the genre developed a new phase of intercultural dialogue. As not every word has an equivalent or is translatable in the target language, translators have left sound-symbolic words untouched in the translated versions, putting translation aside. Thus, the combination of Japanese and the target language seems to influence the visual comprehension of sound effects among the readers. Through the examinations of some cases, this paper brings to light the emergence of some hybrid onomatopoeia and reveals that the \"Third Space\" formed by the translation and hybridization of manga is a dynamic field that creates a new culture.

In this article, the author first addresses the persisting knowledge invisibility of university professional staff by drawing on selected findings from their qualitative, multiple case study research conducted in an Australian university with a campus in Singapore. Analysing a selected case of a university project, the author applies critical thirding as a concept to demonstrate how university third space collaboration resulted in creating new, Mode 3 institutional knowledge and led to a transformative change of research commercialisation practices. The author then compares research findings from this selected Australian university case study to the insights from a systematic literature review which was conducted three years later as a separate research project using an international literature sample. The review provided evidence that since the 2000s university workers, professional and academic alike, in tertiary education institutions around the world, have been engaged in complex identity work, demonstrating increased agency towards de-invisibilisation of their roles and co-creating new knowledge, thereby contributing to university advancement. The author concludes that by applying the analytical power of critical thirding to social spaces of new knowledge production, it is possible to support and promote equal contributions of all university actors to achieving institutional goals.

This article explores Michel Foucault’s heterotopia and Fredric Jameson’s cognitive mapping in JM Coetzee’s Foe (1986). It also finds links between social colonialism and socio-spatial identities within the terrain of the cities of London and Bristol. The paper thoroughly examines the crucial role of cities in shaping the spatial identities of the main characters in the novel. The urban space of London and Bristol is the third space for Susan and Friday, where they strive to find their true selves. Susan Barton and Friday are embroiled in a world divided into center and periphery, where they are grappling with a serious identity crisis. This is all happening within a closely monitored system under Mr. Foe’s watchful eye. The cities bestow a sense of freedom on neither Susan nor Friday and under the supreme power of Mr. Foe, Susan’s endeavor to give voice to Friday ended in a debacle. The novel unequivocally illustrates the perpetuation of urban authority by deploying panopticism and heterotopic space, albeit at the cost of fragmenting identities within the city.

This article discusses the current challenges faced by the two authors – both participants on a professional doctorate (PD) programme in education at a leading UK university – in gaining legitimacy as higher education (HE) professionals. By: (1) reflecting upon their own professional experiences in HE and as PD students; (2) utilizing semi-structured interviews with academic and non-academic professionals from their home institutions (in Ireland and India); and (3) drawing on Celia Whitchurch's typologies of 'third-space' HE professionalism, they found that in Ireland the current reform of the HE policy and praxis environment offers some real and positive opportunities for PD participants through the emergence of more progressive models of HE professionalism. In contrast, the relative lack of reform and a highly regulated Indian HE environment, presents ongoing difficulties in terms of applying one's PD learning in the work environment. This suggests that in India, PD graduates might, in fact, be afforded greater career progression opportunities by transitioning to a more traditional academic role.

Impedance and voltage of monopolar currents are directly related. By replacing air with saline solution, a change in behavior of these currents are achieved in endoscopy, resulting in a desired coagulation effect. However, the underlying electrophysical mechanisms of this effect remain poorly explained. This investigation assessed the relationship between the electrical parameters and the surrounding environment for three high-voltage monopolar coagulation currents commonly used for therapeutic endoscopy. Six consecutive applications per setting and per environment were performed with dissection knife on porcine kidney. When transitioning from air to saline immersion, a 99% decrease in impedance was observed for all current settings tested (Air Range : 4400–8150 Ω, Saline Range : 64–71 Ω; p  < 0.01 for all settings). This resulted in a 52-78% reduction in peak voltage (Air Range : 920–1165 V, Saline Range : 257–499 V; p  < 0.01 for all settings), and a 237-2030% increase in power delivered (Air Range : 3–19 W, Saline Range : 50–117 W; p  < 0.01 for all settings). The dramatic decrease in impedance results in a sharp reduction of voltage, explaining the coagulation effect observed when passing from air to saline-immersion therapeutic endoscopy.