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Reflective or translucent materials are a challenge to digitize in 3D. Results are better with a matt coating although objects from museum collections are often too fragile or too valuable to be treated in this way. It is therefore essential that alternative solutions are found. This study analyzed spectral photogrammetry as a possible solution. Spectral photogrammetry is an emerging technique which uses images at different wavelengths to create 3D models. Tooth enamel is a challenging material to digitize. Six sets of teeth were photographed at different wavelengths. The results showed that the quality of the models enamels parts improved when taken with ultraviolet wavelengths whilst models were less accurate when photogrammetry was performed with the red and infrared spectrum. This can be explained by the optical properties of enamel. This study demonstrates that knowing the optical properties of a material beforehand could help future photogrammetric digitization of challenging materials.

In humans, the endometrium, the uterine mucosal lining, undergoes dynamic changes throughout the menstrual cycle and pregnancy. Despite the importance of the endometrium as the site of implantation and nutritional support for the conceptus, there are no long-term culture systems that recapitulate endometrial function in vitro . We adapted conditions used to establish human adult stem-cell-derived organoid cultures to generate three-dimensional cultures of normal and decidualized human endometrium. These organoids expand long-term, are genetically stable and differentiate following treatment with reproductive hormones. Single cells from both endometrium and decidua can generate a fully functional organoid. Transcript analysis confirmed great similarity between organoids and the primary tissue of origin. On exposure to pregnancy signals, endometrial organoids develop characteristics of early pregnancy. We also derived organoids from malignant endometrium, and so provide a foundation to study common diseases, such as endometriosis and endometrial cancer, as well as the physiology of early gestation. Turco et al.  derive long-term genetically stable organoids from normal endometrium and the decidua that recapitulate characteristics of in vivo uterine glands, respond to hormones and differentiate into secretory and ciliated endometrial cells.

O manejo de primeiros socorros de um dente traumatizado possui influência direta no seu prognóstico. Em alguns casos, quando ele não é realizado já no local do acidente, aumentam muito as chances de o indivíduo perder o dente em um curto prazo de tempo, em virtude da reabsorção radicular. Daí a necessidade de treinar o maior número de pessoas para realizar o manejo emergencial. Material e métodos: Foi desenvolvido um modelo em 3D da arcada superior com um incisivo central removível para a padronização de futuras imagens fotográficas e computadorizadas, no caso de confecção de vídeos educativos. Resultados: O modelo ficou resistente e fácil de ser manejado. Conclusão: O modelo ficou padronizado e apto para ser utilizado em futuras campanhas educacionais de traumatismo dentário.

This article presents the glacial retreat that the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta located in the Colombian Caribbean has been experiencing, due to the climatic changes experienced over time. Subsequently, the information was vectorized and stored in a spatial-temporal database built with the purpose of obtaining trajectories, visual snapshots of glacier extension, three-dimensional models and a estimated calculation of glacier retreat during the period from 1850 to 2021. Keywords: Glacier retreat, image classification, trajectories, space-temporal database, moving regions trajectories. Sin embargo, en el presente artículo se hace uso de una base de datos espaciotemporal con información vectorizada de la zona de estudio, con el propósito de obtener instantáneas visuales de extensión glaciar, modelos tridimensionales y así mismo un cálculo más preciso del factor de cambio del glaciar en el periodo comprendido entre los años 1850 y 2021.

Given a cell phone image of a building we address the problem of place-of-interest recognition in urban scenarios. Here, we go beyond what has been shown in earlier approaches by exploiting the nowadays often available 3D building information (e.g. from extruded floor plans) and massive street-level image data for database creation. Exploiting vanishing points in query images and thus fully removing 3D rotation from the recognition problem allows then to simplify the feature invariance to a purely homothetic problem, which we show enables more discriminative power in feature descriptors than classical SIFT. We rerank visual word based document queries using a fast stratified homothetic verification that in most cases boosts the correct document to top positions if it was in the short list. Since we exploit 3D building information, the approach finally outputs the camera pose in real world coordinates ready for augmenting the cell phone image with virtual 3D information. The whole system is demonstrated to outperform traditional approaches on city scale experiments for different sources of street-level image data and a challenging set of cell phone images.

Timely and spatially-regulated injectable hydrogels, able to suppress growing tumors in response to conformational transitions of proteins, are of great interest in cancer research and treatment. Herein, we report rapidly responsive silk fibroin (SF) hydrogels formed by a horseradish peroxidase (HRP) crosslinking reaction at physiological conditions, and demonstrate their use as an artificial biomimetic three-dimensional (3D) matrix. The proposed SF hydrogels presented a viscoelastic nature of injectable hydrogels and spontaneous conformational changes from random coil to β-sheet conformation under physiological conditions. A human neuronal glioblastoma (U251) cell line was used for screening cell encapsulation and in vitro evaluation within the SF hydrogels. The transparent random coil SF hydrogels promoted cell viability and proliferation up to 10 days of culturing, while the crystalline SF hydrogels converted into β-sheet structure induced the formation of TUNEL-positive apoptotic cells. Therefore, this work provides a powerful tool for the investigation of the microenvironment on the programed tumor cells death, by using rapidly responsive SF hydrogels as 3D in vitro tumor models.

Throughout the years, semantic 3D city models have been created to depict 3D spatial phenomenon. Recently, an increasing number of mobile laser scanning (MLS) units yield terrestrial point clouds at an unprecedented level. Both dataset types often depict the same 3D spatial phenomenon differently, thus their fusion should increase the quality of the captured 3D spatial phenomenon. Yet, each dataset has modality-dependent uncertainties that hinder their immediate fusion. Therefore, we present a method for fusing MLS point clouds with semantic 3D building models while considering uncertainty issues. Specifically, we show MLS point clouds coregistration with semantic 3D building models based on expert confidence in evaluated metadata quantified by confidence interval (CI). This step leads to the dynamic adjustment of the CI, which is used to delineate matching bounds for both datasets. Both coregistration and matching steps serve as priors for a Bayesian network (BayNet) that performs application-dependent identity estimation. The BayNet propagates uncertainties and beliefs throughout the process to estimate end probabilities for confirmed, unmodeled, and other city objects. We conducted promising preliminary experiments on urban MLS and CityGML datasets. Our strategy sets up a framework for the fusion of MLS point clouds and semantic 3D building models. This framework aids the challenging parallel usage of such datasets in applications such as façade refinement or change detection. To further support this process, we open-sourced our implementation.

The use of the 3D approach to enhance comprehension of process models was investigated in this study involving 48 participants, including professionals and academics. Participants interacted with process models in a 3D environment, revealing that this approach can indeed improve comprehension, resulting in positive experiences. [...]it is important to note that limitations related to sample size and characteristics may affect the generalization of results, although common, such limitations are necessary to validate findings. Keywords: Business Process Model, Model Understanding, 3D, BPMN, Quasi-experiment. 1.

This paper describes the results of a research that sought to develop didaetie material to support the teaehing and learning of information systems modeling, focusing on students with visual impairments. Following a qualitative approaeh of an experimental and applied nature, three materials were developed, with different approaches, including use case diagram, class diagram and relational data modeling. All materials had 3-D modeling and printing as the basis of their development, seeking to eontemplate aspeets related to the semanties of the diagrams represented, in line with strategies that allow the visually impaired to experience the modeling of a system as close as possible to other students. [...]shapes, colors, textures and different materials were used. The results point to a promising potential for the materials, but denote the need for a deep validation, improvement and standardization process to fully meet the established objectives.

Recent ionospheric observations indicate that the total electron content (TEC) may anomalously decrease or increase up to 5–20% before the occurrence of big earthquakes. The ionospheric density variations can be caused by earth surface charges/currents produced from electric currents associated with the stressed rock. We formulate a coupling model for the stressed rock‐Earth surface charges‐atmosphere‐ionosphere system. The stressed‐rock acts as the dynamo to provide the currents for the coupling system. The electric fields and currents in the atmosphere and the lower boundary of ionosphere are obtained by solving the current continuity equation, ∇ • J = 0, where J is the current density. A three‐dimensional ionosphere simulation code is then used to study the ionospheric dynamics based on the obtained electric fields and currents. The simulation results show that a current density Jrock = 0.2–10 μA/m2 in an earthquake fault zone is required to cause daytime TEC variations of 2–25%. The simulation results also show that a current density Jrock = 0.01–1 μA/m2 can lead to nighttime TEC variations of 1–30% as well as the formation of a nighttime plasma bubble (equatorial spread F) extending over the whole magnetic flux tube containing the earthquake epicenter. We suggest that observations of daytime and nighttime TEC variations and a nighttime plasma bubble within the affected region can be used as precursors for earthquake prediction. Key Points Stressed rock current density 0.2–10 μA/m2 causes daytime TEC variations 2–25% Stressed rock current density 0.01–1 μA/m2 causes nighttime TEC variations 1–30% Stressed rock current can lead to formation of the nighttime plasma bubbles