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The study conducted in southeastern Poland investigated the diversity of thrips species overwintering under the bark of the plane tree (Platanus x hispanica). The study was carried out in 29 sites, including urban and rural parks, over three winter seasons from 2014 to 2016. A total of 494 thrips individuals were collected. Fifteen different thrips species were identified, with ten species being dendrophilous and four belonging to the fungivorous suborder Tubulifera. The most common species found were Dendrothrips degeeri, Phlaeothrips coriaceus, Thrips major, and Dendrothrips ornatus. D. degeeri was found in the highest number of sites (22), while six species were only found in one site each. The study also revealed a significant correlation between the species composition of thrips collected under the plane tree bark and such factors as insolation and the diameter of the tree trunk where the species overwintered.

Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande) and Thrips flavus (Schrank) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) cause considerable damage to agricultural crops. In this study, we investigated the variations in the population density of these 2 thrips species in 2 sites (Dabai and Heilongtan) with different insecticide application levels. Bioassays were performed to determine the susceptibility of both thrips species to imidacloprid, abamectin, and high-bromine cyhalothrin in summer. The results showed that the F. occidentalis species were more abundant in Dabai than in Heilongtan during both winter and summer. The proportions of F. occidentalis in winter and summer were 28.32-43.35% and 61.79-76.02%, respectively. Moreover, F. occidentalis resistance against the 3 insecticides was significantly higher than that of T. flavus in both 2017 and 2019. Compared with 2017, the L[C.sub.50] values of F. occidentalis populations in Dabai to imidacloprid, abamectin, and lambda-cyhalothrin increased to 100.076, 16.52, and 130.44 mg/liter, respectively. The number of F. occidentalis, reaching the proportion of 91.63% in 90 days, was significantly higher than that of the control after imidacloprid treatment. In conclusion, thrips interspecies competition is affected by the irrational use of insecticides, which may cause the replacement of native species by invasive species, thereby leading to an outbreak. Key words: Frankliniella occidentalis, Thrips flavus, native thrips species, imidacloprid, avermectin

Strong winds, fire, and subsequent forest management impact arthropod communities. We monitored the diversity and changes in the community structure of forest thrips assemblages in the context of secondary succession and anthropogenic impact. There were eight study plots that were affected to varying degrees by the mentioned disturbances that were selected in the Central European spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) forests in Slovakia. The soil photoeclectors were used to obtain thrips in the study plots during two vegetation seasons. The thrips assemblages and their attributes were analyzed by non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS). The significant changes in community structure, composition, stratification, species richness, and diversity of thrips assemblages that were caused by natural- (wind) and human-induced disturbance (forestry and fire) were observed in our research. Our analyses revealed a clear relationship between different thrips assemblages and impacted environment. Moreover, our results indicate that silvicolous thrips species may be useful for indicating changes and disturbances in forest ecological systems.

Chilli thrips, Scirtothrips dorsalis Hood, is a cryptic species complex of at least 9 species, 2 of which (South Asia 1 and East Asia 1) have been confirmed damaging >50 plant taxa in the United States. To develop a knowledge-based management program for this pest in the United States, the objectives of the study were to (i) survey for S. dorsalis species complex in the suspected regions and (ii) assess the reproductive hosts of the predominant member available. Thrips samples received from collaborators were subjected to morpholo-molecular characterization. Of the 101 thrips populations received across the United States between 2015 and 2021, 71 populations were confirmed as S. dorsalis, with 25% further identified as East Asia 1, compared with 41% identified as South Asia 1, suggesting the latter species is more prevalent in the US. East Asia 1 was primarily found in samples collected from Hydrangea sp. (95%) in Massachusetts, New York, and Pennsylvania, indicating geographic range expansion in the Northeast and successful overwintering in areas with hard freezes. While assessing the host range of South Asia 1 (dominant species), 62 plant taxa were evaluated under greenhouse conditions. Among these, 40 feeding and reproductive hosts were confirmed in Florida. We also found 18 new reproductive hosts and 3 feeding hosts of S. dorsalis, which were not previously reported in the literature. The results provide insight into the increasing host range and expanded geographical distribution of S. dorsalis species and will enable the development of a species-specific monitoring and management program. Key words: cryptic species complex, East Asia 1, invasive thrips management, integrated pest management, South Asia 1

Red onion (Allium cepa L.) is economically vital in Ecuador, yet yields remain suboptimal. This study evaluated the morpho-agronomic response of red onion to foliar biostimulants (fulvic acids, seaweed extract, amino acids, and Si) applied at two doses every 15 d. Plant height, leaf number, bulb size, yield, and thrips incidence were assessed. The seaweed extract (5 mL [L.sup.-1]) elicited the best performance, followed by amino acids (1.5 g [L.sup.-1]) and fulvic acids (5 mL [L.sup.-1]). These treatments caused significant increases (p < 0.05) in vegetative growth, improving plant height by up to 9.22% and leaf number by 10.68%. Harvest variables similarly improved, with bulb diameter and yield increasing by 6.37% and 6.95% over the control. Notably, while growth promoters enhanced yield, only Si treatments significantly reduced thrips (Thrips tabaci Lindeman) incidence. These results validate biostimulants as a sustainable management strategy to enhance onion productivity and resilience under Andean conditions.

Increased atmospheric C[O.sub.2] concentrations may directly affect insect behavior. Thrips hawaiiensis Morgan and T. flavus Schrank are economically important thrips pests native to China. We studied the development, survival, and oviposition of these two thrips under elevated C[O.sub.2] concentrations (800 [micro]l [liter.sup.-1]) and ambient C[O.sub.2] (400 [micro]l [liter.sup.-1]; control) conditions. Both thrips species developed faster but had lower survival rates under elevated C[O.sub.2] levels compared with control conditions (developmental time: 13.25 days vs. 12.53 days in T hawaiiensis, 12.18 days vs. 11.61 days in T. flavus; adult survival rate: 70.00% vs. 64.00% in T. hawaiiensis, 65.00% vs. 57.00% in T. flavus under control vs. 800 [micro]l [liter.sup.-1] C[O.sub.2] conditions, respectively). The fecundity, net reproductive rate ([R.sub.0]), and intrinsic rate of increase ([r.sub.m]) of the two species were also lower under elevated C[O.sub.2] concentrations (fecundity: 47.96 vs. 35.44 in T. hawaiiensis, 36.68 vs. 27.88 in T. flavus; [R.sub.0]: 19.83 vs. 13.62 in T. hawaiiensis, 14.02 vs. 9.86 in T. flavus; and [r.sub.m]: 0.131 vs. 0.121 in T. hawaiiensis, 0.113 vs. 0.104 in T. flavus under control and 800 [micro]l [liter.sup.-1] C[O.sub.2] conditions, respectively). T. hawaiiensis developed slower but had a higher survival rate, fecundity, [R.sub.0], and [r.sub.m] compared with T. flavus at each C[O.sub.2] concentration. In summary, elevated C[O.sub.2] concentrations negatively affected T. hawaiiensis and T. flavus populations. In a world with higher C[O.sub.2] concentrations, T. hawaiiensis might be competitively superior to T. flavus where they co-occur. Key words: Thrips hawaiiensis, Thrips flavus, life table, population development, C[O.sub.2] concentration increase