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\"The Natural Border tells the recent history of Mediterranean rural capitalism from the perspective of marginalized Black African farmworkers. In the context of global supply chains and repressive border regimes, the book foregrounds the fundamental racial hierarchies upon which agrarian production and reproduction are based\"-- Provided by publisher.

Tomato brown rugose fruit virus (ToBRFV) is an emerging and rapidly spreading RNA virus that infects tomato and pepper, with tomato as the primary host. The virus causes severe crop losses and threatens tomato production worldwide. ToBRFV was discovered in greenhouse tomato plants grown in Jordan in spring 2015 and its first outbreak was traced back to 2014 in Israel. To date, the virus has been reported in at least 35 countries across four continents in the world. ToBRFV is transmitted mainly via contaminated seeds and mechanical contact (such as through standard horticultural practices). Given the global nature of the seed production and distribution chain, and ToBRFV's seed transmissibility, the extent of its spread is probably more severe than has been disclosed. ToBRFV can break down genetic resistance to tobamoviruses conferred by R genes Tm‐1, Tm‐2, and Tm‐22 in tomato and L1 and L2 alleles in pepper. Currently, no commercial ToBRFV‐resistant tomato cultivars are available. Integrated pest management‐based measures such as rotation, eradication of infected plants, disinfection of seeds, and chemical treatment of contaminated greenhouses have achieved very limited success. The generation and application of attenuated variants may be a fast and effective approach to protect greenhouse tomato against ToBRFV. Long‐term sustainable control will rely on the development of novel genetic resistance and resistant cultivars, which represents the most effective and environment‐friendly strategy for pathogen control. Taxonomy Tomato brown rugose fruit virus belongs to the genus Tobamovirus, in the family Virgaviridae. The genus also includes several economically important viruses such as Tobacco mosaic virus and Tomato mosaic virus. Genome and virion The ToBRFV genome is a single‐stranded, positive‐sense RNA of approximately 6.4 kb, encoding four open reading frames. The viral genomic RNA is encapsidated into virions that are rod‐shaped and about 300 nm long and 18 nm in diameter. Tobamovirus virions are considered extremely stable and can survive in plant debris or on seed surfaces for long periods of time. Disease symptoms Leaves, particularly young leaves, of tomato plants infected by ToBRFV exhibit mild to severe mosaic symptoms with dark green bulges, narrowness, and deformation. The peduncles and calyces often become necrotic and fail to produce fruit. Yellow blotches, brown or black spots, and rugose wrinkles appear on tomato fruits. In pepper plants, ToBRFV infection results in puckering and yellow mottling on leaves with stunted growth of young seedlings and small yellow to brown rugose dots and necrotic blotches on fruits. This pathogen profile summarizes current knowledge about ToBRFV, highlights recent research progress, discusses future research directions, and proposes short‐run and long‐term control strategies.

Tomato, worldwide, is infected by several viral diseases which cause stunting, leaf curl, yellowing, mosaic, mottling, necrosis and shoe-string symptoms on plants, leaves or fruits. Among them, bud necrosis disease caused by an orthotospovirus is emerging as a major constraint to the cultivation of tomato for resource-poor farmers. In the IndoGangetic eastern plains, bud necrosis disease incidence on tomato ranged from 0 to 45% under field conditions during 2015 and 2016, along with other diseases such as leaf curl and mosaic caused by begomoviruses (0–35%) and tobamoviruses (0–18%) respectively. Thirty four viral infected samples collected from 11 different villages were screened for different viruses using serological and PCR-based methods. The result revealed that most samples were positive for RNA (peanut bud necrosis virus, tomato mosaic virus) and DNA (tomato leaf curl New Delhi virus, tomato leaf curl Gujarat virus, tomato leaf curl Palampur virus, tomato leaf curl Bangalore virus, tomato leaf curl Karnataka virus) viruses along with their satellites (DNA-α and DNA-ß) respectively. Further, the incidence of bud necrosis correlates to the weather parameters, which demonstrate that a long dry spell leads to higher incidence of viral disease, whereas lower incidence was observed during the rainy period considering a reduced vector population.