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\"Airplane Performance on Grass Airfields presents an experiment-based approach to analysis and flight testing of airfield performance on grass runways. It discusses improvements for operations efficiency and safety of these airfields. The book is intended for researchers and practicing engineers in the fields of aviation and aircraft safety and performance. The book analyzes the interaction between the landing gear wheels and the surface of a grass runways during both takeoff and landing. It covers test methods and devices for measuring performance and introduces an information system for the surface condition of grass airfields: GARFIELD\"-- Provided by publisher.

The influence of macro profile of highways on the rates of traction-speed properties of the car category N is shown.

Background Supracondylar humeral fractures are common injuries in children and can be associated with high morbidity and lead to lifelong disability. The method of treatment affects the risk of complications and potentially the functional outcome. Closed reduction and percutaneous pinning CRPP has become the most widely used treatment method in high-income countries. In the current literature, both CRPP and lateral straight arm traction have been shown to give good results and reasonable levels of complications. The two methods have never been tested against each other in a randomised trial. Furthermore, these methods have not been analysed prospectively in the low and middle income context. Methods The study will be a prospective randomised trial comparing lateral straight arm traction LSAT against CRPP. Recruitment will be at 8 large referral hospitals in Ethiopia. Based on non-inferiority power calculation, we plan to recruit 220 patients. The principal outcome measure will be the PROMIS parent proxy upper extremity short form 8a score version 3.0 at 12 months. The secondary outcome measures will be the Flynn’s criteria; complications; PROMIS parent proxy upper extremity short form 8a score version 3.0 at 6 months; PROMIS parent proxy global health 7 + 2 score version 3.0 administered at 6 and 12 months; and economic analysis of hospital costs for the two treatment modalities. Discussion Supracondylar humeral fractures are common and serious injuries which occur frequently in LMICs where often half the population are under 18 years of age. Such countries have limited capacity for fracture care. Finding solutions which may avoid referral and operative intervention is paramount in developing access to timely and affordable care for all people. If LSAT is non-inferior to CRPP, then children can be treated locally in a cost-effective manner with avoidance of disability. Trial registration ISRCTN Ref 62164933. Registered on 25 July 2024.

Background Treatment methods for low back pain (LBP) can be divided into conservative, invasive and surgical treatment approaches with traction therapy as a non-surgical therapeutic option. A clinical study analysed the effect of using a traction-bed-device (Movento) on 35 patients suffering from osteoarthritis/spondylosis of the lumbar spine. Methods The study was performed as a multicentric, double-blind, randomised, controlled interventional study. The patients were treated over three weeks while staying in rehabilitation clinics. All patients were assessed initially at study entry, weekly and after 3 weeks as well as 12 weeks after discharge. The following outcome measures were used: Numerical Rating Scale (NRS), Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire (RMDQ), (12) Progressive Isoinertial Lifting Evaluation (PILE-Tests) and the 36-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF36). One hundred ten patients between 40 and 75 years of age with a diagnosed osteochondrosis/spondylarthrosis with chronification stadium 1 and 2 according to Gerbershagen were enrolled in the study. Both study groups received conventional rehabilitation therapy. The intervention group additionally received additional therapy with a minimum of five hours with the Movento traction device per night with seven sessions per week and a duration of 21 days. The therapy is based on the unloading and loading of spinal tissueThe duration of the treatment was limited to a minimum of 5 h and a maximum of 8 h. Results The intervention group was able to show significantly better results in pain reduction (NRS) ( p  < 0.05), the Roland-Morris Questionnaire ( p  < 0.05), the PILE-Test ( p  < 0.05), the morning start-up time and the Finger-Floor-Distance measurement ( p  < 0.05) as well as the improvements in quality of life (SF-36). Conclusions The presented results show that an additional traction device can improve pain score, function, clinical scores as well as improvements in quality of life in patients with spondylosis. Key Points Findings Therapy with the traction-bed-device (Movento) in combination with specific back pain rehabilitation achieves statistically significant results compared to treatment without this device. Implications The results show that an additional traction device improves pain score, function, clinical scores as well as life quality and should be added to conservative rehabilitation methods. Caution It cannot be assumed that traction is always the same. In addition the effect of a 3 weeks treatment was not be maintained at 12 weeks after cessation of the intervention

Background Cervical radiculopathy (CR) is a common condition, often associated with cervicogenic headache (CGH), a secondary headache arising from cervical spine disorders. Mechanical intermittent cervical traction (MICT) is frequently prescribed to treat CR symptoms. The purpose of the study was to make a preliminary estimate of efficacy of adding MICT to conventional rehabilitation on CGH in patients with cervical radiculopathy. Methods A total of 36 CR patients with CGH were randomly allocated to 3 equally sized groups (A, B and C). The treatment consisted of twelve sessions of conventional rehabilitation (4 weeks) combined with MICT (2 kg for group A, 8 kg for group B and 12 kg for group C). Primary outcomes were CGH intensity (visual analog scale) and frequency (days per week). Secondary outcomes were radicular pain intensity (visual analog scale), cervical range of motion (cervical range of motion instrument), proprioception (cervical range of motion instrument) and muscle strength (MicroFET2 dynamometer), handgrip strength (handheld dynamometer), function (Neck Disability Index), kinesiophobia (Tampa Scale for KInesiophobia), anxiety and depression (Hospital Anxiety and Depresion questionnaire), and quality of life (World Health Organization Quality of Life). Patients were assessed at baseline, one, three and six months after the beginning of treatment. The post hoc Dunn testing was used to determine which traction load had the better effect on CGH symptoms. Results At one, three and six months follow-ups, Group C exhibited the highest improvement in CGH intensity and frequency compared to the other groups ( p  = 0.021 and p  = 0.023; p  = 0.012 and p  = 0.01; p  = 0.005 and p  = 0.005). Both groups C and B showed a significant improvement in radicular pain compared to group A at one month follow-up ( p  = 0.05).The improvement in group C was significantly better in terms of function ( p  = 0.049) and anxiety ( p  = 0.011) at three months and quality of life at six months (Psychological p  = 0.046 and Environment p  = 0.006). Conclusions The blend of conventional rehabilitation alongside 12 kg MICT seems to be efficacious in diminishing both the intensity and frequency of CGH in patients with CR. These advantages appear to last for up to six months following the treatment period, potentially leading to decreased CGH severity and occurrence rates, heightened functionality, reduced anxiety levels, and an overall enhancement in quality of life. These findings are preliminary and require confirmation in larger trials. Trial registration The study protocol was retrospectively registered at the Pan African Clinical Trial Registry (PACTR202401838955948). Date of registration is 16/01/2024.

Purpose Both, knee joint distraction as a relatively new approach and valgus-producing opening-wedge high tibial osteotomy (HTO), are knee-preserving treatments for knee osteoarthritis (OA). The efficacy of knee joint distraction compared to HTO has not been reported. Methods Sixty-nine patients with medial knee joint OA with a varus axis deviation of <10° were randomized to either knee joint distraction ( n  = 23) or HTO ( n  = 46). Questionnaires were assessed at baseline and 3, 6, and 12 months. Joint space width (JSW) as a surrogate measure for cartilage thickness was determined on standardized semi-flexed radiographs at baseline and 1-year follow-up. Results All patient-reported outcome measures (PROMS) improved significantly over 1 year (at 1 year p  < 0.02) in both groups. At 1 year, the HTO group showed slightly greater improvement in 4 of the 16 PROMS ( p  < 0.05). The minimum medial compartment JSW increased 0.8 ± 1.0 mm in the knee joint distraction group ( p  = 0.001) and 0.4 ± 0.5 mm in the HTO group ( p  < 0.001), with minimum JSW improvement in favour of knee joint distraction ( p  = 0.05). The lateral compartment showed a small increase in the knee joint distraction group and a small decrease in the HTO group, leading to a significant increase in mean JSW for knee joint distraction only ( p  < 0.02). Conclusion Cartilaginous repair activity, as indicated by JSW, and clinical outcome improvement occurred with both, knee joint distraction and HTO. These findings suggest that knee joint distraction may be an alternative therapy for medial compartmental OA with a limited mechanical leg malalignment. Level of evidence Randomized controlled trial, Level I.

The 3.5 mm diameter or thicker Steinmann pins were commonly used in skeletal traction, which are so highly invasive that may result in severe complications such as pin tract infection and iatrogenic calcaneus fractures. Accordingly, Xirui Wu designed a new type of tension traction bow that can be assembled with 2.0 mm diameter Kirschner wires, but its effectiveness is unclear. We aim to evaluate the effectiveness of 2.0 mm diameter Kirschner wires assembled with Wu’s Tension Traction Bows in calcaneal skeletal traction. Data of 65 patients who were admitted to our department with tibia fractures from January 2021 to June 2022 and underwent preoperative calcaneal skeletal traction were collected retrospectively. 36 patients treated with 2.0 mm diameter Kirschner wires assembled with Wu’s Tension Traction Bows were assigned into Group 1, and 29 patients treated with 3.5 mm diameter Steinmann pins assembled with Bohler’s traction bows were assigned into Group 2. Pins loosening, breakage, and calcaneus fractures occurred in neither group. No statistical differences were observed in traction weight, swelling reduction efficacy, and traction duration ( P  > 0.05). Statistically significant differences were found between the two groups in term of post-traction bleeding incidence, average bleeding duration, and mean size and healing time of traction wounds ( P  < 0.05). Though VAS pain score before traction and on the first two days after traction in Group 1 didn't differ from Group 2 ( P  > 0.05), it was significantly lower in Group 1 compared to Group 2 on the third day after traction ( P  = 0.030). This study demonstrates that 2.0 mm diameter Kirschner wires assembled with Wu’s Tension Traction Bows produce satisfied traction outcomes with less invasion and are recommended in calcaneal skeletal traction.

Background Although several methods to create an effective counter traction for safer endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) have been reported, these methods do not overcome problems regarding delivery and ease of use. This randomized prospective study assessed the usefulness of ring-shaped thread counter traction, which not only allowed the safer colorectal ESD but also the easiest and lower cost counter traction without any special devices. Methods Forty-five patients diagnosed with colorectal lateral spreading tumors over 20 mm were allocated to the conventional ESD group (CE) ( n  = 22) and the ring-shaped thread counter traction ESD group (RE) ( n  = 21). The ring-shaped thread was hooked and lifted up to the contralateral mucosa with a hemoclip. The primary outcome was the dissected area per minute during ESD (cm 2 /min) (UMIN000020160). Results There were significant differences in the dissection time (min), with 130.0 (56.0–240.0) versus 80 (35.0–130.0) min for the CE and RE groups, respectively ( P  = 0.001). For the dissected areas per minute (cm 2 /min), there was a significant difference, with 0.125 (0.1–0.18) versus 0.235 (0.16–0.36) min ( P  = 0.003) for the CE and RE groups, respectively. There were 1 cases of perforation during ESD in the CE compared to 0 for the RE, and this was no significantly different ( P  = 0.31). The procedure time of producing and setting the ring-shaped thread counter traction was approximately 1.80 (0.80–3.30) min only. Conclusions The ring-shaped thread counter traction is simple, effective, lower cost and does not require special devices to obtain repeated counter traction.

BackgroundProper traction allows safer and easier endoscopic submucosal dissection; however, single-point traction may not be sufficient. In this study we assessed the safety, efficacy, and feasibility of our newly developed multipoint traction device.MethodsDuring an ex vivo study using a Konjac training model, two experts and two trainees resected 80 mock lesions of 20-mm diameter by performing endoscopic submucosal dissection with and without multipoint traction. The primary outcome was the success rate of the procedure involving traction. The secondary outcomes were the submucosal dissection time, dissection speed, and perforation during endoscopic submucosal dissection. During the in vivo study, to clarify the initial clinical outcomes, we used data from the electronic medical record of patients at our institution who underwent gastric and colorectal endoscopic submucosal dissection, which was performed by experts with our newly developed multipoint traction device, from March to December 2022.ResultsThe ex vivo study indicated that all traction procedures were successful. Higher resection speeds were observed with endoscopic submucosal dissection with traction than without traction (P < 0.001). Perforations were not observed. During the first in vivo clinical study, traction was feasible during 20 gastric and colorectal endoscopic submucosal dissection procedures. No adverse events occurred.ConclusionsOur multitraction device can increase the submucosal dissection speed and simplify endoscopic submucosal dissection techniques, thus safely reducing technical challenges. The application of this device for endoscopic submucosal dissection could lead to safer and more efficient procedures.Clinical registration UMIN Clinical Trials Registry, Japan (registration number UMIN000053384).