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COMPETING ON SPEED
We analyze trading speed and fragmentation in asset markets. In our model, trading venues make technological investments and compete for investors who choose where and how much to trade. Faster venues charge higher fees and attract speed-sensitive investors. Competition among venues increases investor participation, trading volume, and allocative efficiency, but entry and fragmentation can be excessive, and speeds are generically inefficient. Regulations that protect transaction prices (e.g., Securities and Exchange Commission trade-through rule) lead to greater fragmentation. Our model sheds light on the experience of European and U.S. markets since the implementation of Markets in Financial Instruments Directive and Regulation National Markets System.
Journal Article
The Flash Crash: High-Frequency Trading in an Electronic Market
We study intraday market intermediation in an electronic market before and during a period of large and temporary selling pressure. On May 6, 2010, U.S. financial markets experienced a systemic intraday event—the Flash Crash—where a large automated selling program was rapidly executed in the E-mini S&P 500 stock index futures market. Using audit trail transaction-level data for the E-mini on May 6 and the previous three days, we find that the trading pattern of the most active nondesignated intraday intermediaries (classified as High-Frequency Traders) did not change when prices fell during the Flash Crash.
Journal Article
News Trading and Speed
We compare the optimal trading strategy of an informed speculator when he can trade ahead of incoming news (is \"fast\"), versus when he cannot (is \"slow\"). We find that speed matters: the fast speculator's trades account for a larger fraction of trading volume, and are more correlated with short-run price changes. Nevertheless, he realizes a large fraction of his profits from trading on long-term price changes. The fast speculator's behavior matches evidence about high-frequency traders. We predict that stocks with more informative news are more liquid even though they attract more activity from informed high-frequency traders.
Journal Article
Trading the measured move : a path to trading success in a world of algos and high-frequency trading
\"A timely guide to profiting in markets dominated by high frequency trading and other computer driven strategiesStrategies employing complex computer algorithms, and often utilizing high frequency trading tactics, have placed individual traders at a significant disadvantage in today's financial markets. It's been estimated that high-frequency traders--one form of computerized trading--accounts for more than half of each day's total equity market trades. In this environment, individual traders need to learn new techniques that can help them navigate modern markets and avoid being whipsawed by larger, institutional players.Trading the Measured Move offers a blueprint for profiting from the price waves created by computer-driven algorithmic and high-frequency trading strategies. The core of author David Halsey's approach is a novel application of Fibonnaci retracements, which he uses to set price targets and low-risk entry points. When properly applied, it allows traders to gauge market sentiment, recognize institutional participation at specific support and resistance levels, and differentiate between short-term and long-term trades at various price points in the market. Provides guidance for individual traders who fear they can't compete in today's high-frequency dominated markets Outlines specific trade set ups, including opening gap strategies, breakouts and failed breakout strategies, range trading strategies, and pivot trading strategies Reveals how to escape institutional strategies designed to profit from slower-moving market participants Engaging and informative, Trading the Measured Move will provide you with a new perspective, and new strategies, to successfully navigate today's computer driven financial markets\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
TRADING AND INFORMATION DIFFUSION IN OVER-THE-COUNTER MARKETS
We propose a model of trade in over-the-counter (OTC) markets in which each dealer with private information can engage in bilateral transactions with other dealers, as determined by her links in a network. Each dealer's strategy is represented as a quantity-price schedule. We analyze the effect of trade decentralization and adverse selection on information diffusion, expected profits, trading costs, and welfare. Information diffusion through prices is not affected by dealers' strategic trading motives, and there is an informational externality that constrains the informativeness of prices. Trade decentralization can both increase or decrease welfare. A dealer's trading cost is driven by both her own and her counterparties' centrality. Central dealers tend to learn more, trade more at lower costs, and earn higher expected profit.
Journal Article
High-Frequency Trading and Price Discovery
We examine the role of high-frequency traders (HFTs) in price discovery and price efficiency. Overall HFTs facilitate price efficiency by trading in the direction of permanent price changes and in the opposite direction of transitory pricing errors, both on average and on the highest volatility days. This is done through their liquidity demanding orders. In contrast, HFTs' liquidity supplying orders are adversely selected. The direction of HFTs' trading predicts price changes over short horizons measured in seconds. The direction of HFTs' trading is correlated with public information, such as macro news announcements, market-wide price movements, and limit order book imbalances.
Journal Article