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The high operational cost of aircraft, limited availability of air space, and strict safety regulations make training of fighter pilots increasingly challenging. By integrating Live, Virtual, and Constructive simulation resources, efficiency and effectiveness can be improved. In particular, if constructive simulations, which provide synthetic agents operating synthetic vehicles, were used to a higher degree, complex training scenarios could be realised at low cost, the need for support personnel could be reduced, and training availability could be improved. In this work, inspired by the recent improvements of techniques for artificial intelligence, we take a user perspective and investigate how intelligent, learning agents could help build future training systems. Through a domain analysis, a user study, and practical experiments, we identify important agent capabilities and characteristics, and then discuss design approaches and solution concepts for training systems to utilise learning agents for improved training value.

People aspiring to enhance their photography skills face multiple challenges, such as finding subjects and understanding camera-specific parameters. To address this, we present the VR Photo Training System. This system allows users to practice photography in a virtual space and provides feedback on user-taken photos using machine-learning models. These models, trained on datasets from the virtual environment, evaluate the aesthetics, composition, and color of photos. The system also includes a feature offering composition advice, which further aids in skill development. The evaluation and recommendation functions of our system have shown sufficient accuracy, proving its effectiveness for photography training.

Context: Covid-19 poses major challenges for vocational education and training (VET), as VET-in contrast to general education-is closely linked to the economic system and cannot escape the impact of current economic restrictions. Additionally, strict infection control regulations, as well as temporary school and company closures, inhibit the teaching of practical skills at the workplace. Rapid action by the responsible actors is essential to ensure that VET can take place even under these difficult conditions. It can be assumed that both the complex decision-making processes and the multiplicity of actors involved in collective training systems complicate or delay the reaction to this exogenous shock. Using the example of the German dual training system, this explorative article aims to examine the ability of collective training systems to deal with the challenges posed by the pandemic. Methods: Based on a document analysis, various publications (e.g., press releases, reports) by central actors of the German dual system were reviewed, which provided information about the provision of training activities as well as the measures taken or required to counteract the pandemic-related consequences for dual apprenticeships. This corpus of literature was expanded by scientific studies and publications from national or international institutions related to VET. Following a governance-analytical and actor-centred perspective, the documents were analysed with regard to the indications they provide about the realised coordination of action between the actors, the realised processes and outcomes, as well as the levels affected within the VET system. Findings: The way of dealing with the crisis demonstrates that the German dual system is influenced by the actions of various actors at multiple levels. Actors who are involved in the decision-making processes share common interests, resulting in a strategically bound cooperation among them. However, influence or power from bottom-up seems to be rather limited, as not all of the actors considered in this study are included in essential governance processes. Despite the comprehensive reactions to the pandemic, problems and optimisation needs are also apparent, e.g. with regard to vocational orientation or the support of vocational schools. Conclusion: Despite its complexity, the dual system as a collective training model is capable of acting and adapting to face the challenges posed by the pandemic. This may also be due to the historically entrenched corporatist structures within the dual system: Even in times of crisis, the trust in this historically evolved institutional framework leads to a high degree of accountability and cooperation among the decisive actors.

This study aimed to evaluate the impact of flight simulator training on the enhancement of perceptual-motor skills among flight cadets. Perceptual-motor skills act as a crucial link through which pilots translate their environmental perceptions into precise maneuvers, a capability that is particularly vital in dynamic and unpredictable flight environments. A total of forty cadets participated in the experiment and were randomly assigned to either the Traditional Training Group (TTG) or the Efficient Training Group (ETG). The TTG received individual training on training aircraft under the supervision of an instructor, while the ETG trained on expert aircraft using a full-scenario memory replay training system enhanced with multimodal information feedback. The simulations were conducted at the Aeronautical University simulation laboratory, configured as a self-developed Flight Skill Accelerated Training Simulator. Both groups completed eight weeks of simulated flight training, which included testing scenarios such as takeoff, flight control, landing, and carrier landing. Results indicated that the ETG outperformed the TTG in the takeoff, flight control, landing tasks, and carrier landing tasks. Furthermore, the ETG demonstrated a faster training pace across all tasks. These findings suggest that our independently developed accelerated flight skills training system can effectively expedite motor skill acquisition among flight cadets, enhance flight performance, and holds promising potential for broad application in various flight training contexts.

Immersive virtual reality is to provide participants with a completely immersive experience, which allows users to have a feeling of being in a virtual world.Substation equipment due to long running conditions, so in order to ensure the safe and stable operation of electrical equipment, in practice often require the operators to make regular or irregular patrol inspection was carried out on the field devices or use red line temperature measurement method to monitor the running status of equipment.Visualized substation inspection training system can make staff have a very convenient and scientific work platform when carrying out equipment inspection, so as to improve the quality of equipment inspection work.In this paper, from the analysis of substation inspection work and the establishment of inspection system as a starting point, to the application of visual substation inspection training system for the purpose of comprehensive analysis of visual substation inspection training system in the daily work of the advantages.

Climate change will impose increasingly warm and dry conditions on vineyards. Wine quality and yield are strongly influenced by climatic conditions and depend on complex interactions between temperatures, water availability, plant material, and viticultural techniques. In established winegrowing regions, growers have optimized yield and quality by choosing plant material and viticultural techniques according to local climatic conditions, but as the climate changes, these will need to be adjusted. Adaptations to higher temperatures include changing plant material (e.g., rootstocks, cultivars and clones) and modifying viticultural techniques (e.g., changing trunk height, leaf area to fruit weight ratio, timing of pruning) such that harvest dates are maintained in the optimal period at the end of September or early October in the Northern Hemisphere. Vineyards can be made more resilient to drought by planting drought resistant plant material, modifying training systems (e.g., goblet bush vines, or trellised vineyards at wider row spacing), or selecting soils with greater soil water holding capacity. While most vineyards in Europe are currently dry-farmed, irrigation may also be an option to grow sustainable yields under increasingly dry conditions but consideration must be given to associated impacts on water resources and the environment.