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Transition to turbulence : a dynamical system approach to receptivity
\"Present understanding of transition to turbulence has now been studied over one hundred and fifty years. The path the studies have taken posed it as a modal eigenvalue problem. Some researchers have suggested alternative models without being specific. First-principle based approach of receptivity is the route to build bridges among ideas for solving the Navier-Stokes equation for specific canonical problems. This book highlights the mathematical physics, scientific computing, and new ideas and theories for nonlinear analyses of fluid flows, for which vorticity dynamics remain central. This book is a blend of classic with distinctly new ideas, which establish different dynamics of flows, from genesis to evolution of disturbance fields with rigorously developed methods to tracing coherent structures amidst the seemingly random and chaotic fluid dynamics of transitional and turbulent flows\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
India's demographic challenges
India continues to fall behind not only industrialized countries but also some less industrialized countries in many demographic spheres. However, because of its changing age structure, India is bound to become an economic powerhouse in the coming years. When the working-age population in many economic rivals, such as China, Japan, and South Korea, shrinks dramatically, the country will add millions of young people to its labor force. How far India will be able to exploit this economic growth potential is a major challenge for public policy. This book is a semi-technical introduction to emerging population issues faced by India today. It identifies the most critical variables that policymakers can manipulate to improve people's social and economic well-being. It will benefit students, researchers, policymakers, and informed readers who are curious about how India's social fabric and economic destiny are intertwined with its demography.
BOOK
Leveraging the capabilities of multinational firms to address climate change
Climate change and the associated issue of curbing carbon emissions have risen on the agenda of policymakers worldwide. However, global coordination on matters such as harmonized regulation has been subject to signifcant political frictions, and the large intergovernmental transfers needed to fnance the transition of developing economies have proven hard to raise. Recently, there have been considerable responses to climate change from the private sector, with stakeholders placing more pressure on frms, and fnancial markets mobilizing increasingly more capital towards the reduction of negative externalities. We argue that although multinational enterprises (MNEs) have been a major contributor to the problem, they can be an important part of the solution – they have unique features that enable them to play an important role in the fght against climate change. MNEs have extensive and efcient internal markets for governance, fnancing, and technology, which enable them to circumvent country-specifc frictions to climate action such as heterogeneous regulation, corruption, and the lack of technology. We analyze how diferent public and private incentive mechanisms could be designed to leverage MNEs’ unique features, realign their incentives, and engage their potential to play a role in decarbonizing the economy. Lastly, we discuss challenges, opportunities, and future research.
Journal Article
Nickel
\"When you think of nickel, a 5-cent coin probably comes to mind. But nickel is used for so much more than manufacturing coins. Nickel and nickel-containing alloys are very important in our society. Nickel is used in the construction, transportation, power, high-tech and many other industries. This book tells the fascinating story of how nickel was discovered, how ore containing nickel is mined and extracted, the properties that make nickel so useful, and how nickel's many uses and applications make the high-tech world we live in possible. It also provides students with up-to-date resources to continue their research.\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
Carbon Sovereignty
For almost fifty years, coal dominated the Navajo economy. But in
2019 one of the Navajo Nation's largest coal plants closed. This
comprehensive new work offers a deep dive into the complex inner
workings of energy shift in the Navajo Nation. Geographer Andrew
Curley, a member of the Navajo Nation, examines the history of coal
development within the Navajo Nation, including why some Diné
supported coal and the consequences of doing so. He explains the
Navajo Nation's strategic choices to use the coal industry to
support its sovereignty as a path forward in the face of ongoing
colonialism. Carbon Sovereignty demonstrates the mechanism
of capitalism through colonialism and the construction of resource
sovereignty, in both the Navajo Nation's embrace and its rejection
of a coal economy. For the people of the Navajo Nation, energy
sovereignty is dire and personal. Thanks to on-the-ground
interviews with Diné coal workers, environmental activists, and
politicians, Curley documents the real consequences of change as
they happened. While some Navajo actors have doubled down for coal,
others have moved toward transition. Curley argues that political
struggles ultimately shape how we should understand coal,
capitalism, and climate change. The rise and fall of coal magnify
the nuance and complexity of change. Historical and contemporary
issues intermingle in everyday life with lasting consequences.
eBook
Cultural and social diversity and the transition from education to work
This edited volume provides multidisciplinary and international insights into the policy, managerial and educational aspects of diverse students' transitions from education to employment. As employers require increasing global competence on the part of those leaving education, this research asks whether increasing multiculturalism in developed societies, often seen as a challenge to their cohesion, is in fact a potential advantage in an evolving employment sector. This is a vital and under-researched field, and this new publication in Springer's Technical and Vocational Education and Training series provides analysis both of theory and empirical data, submitted by researchers from nine nations including the USA, Oman, Malaysia, and countries in the European Union.The papers trace the origins of business demand for diversity in their workforce's skill set, including national, local and institutional contexts. They also consider how social, demographic, cultural, religious and linguistic diversity inform the attitudes of those seeking work--and those seeking workers. With clear suggestions for future research, this work on a topic of rising profile will be read with interest by educators, policy makers, employers and careers advisors.
Book
Expression and function of epithelial cell adhesion molecule EpCAM: where are we after 40 years?
EpCAM (epithelial cell adhesion molecule) was discovered four decades ago as a tumor antigen on colorectal carcinomas. Owing to its frequent and high expression on carcinomas and their metastases, EpCAM serves as a prognostic marker, a therapeutic target, and an anchor molecule on circulating and disseminated tumor cells (CTCs/DTCs), which are considered the major source for metastatic cancer cells. Today, EpCAM is reckoned as a multi-functional transmembrane protein involved in the regulation of cell adhesion, proliferation, migration, stemness, and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of carcinoma cells. To fulfill these functions, EpCAM is instrumental in intra- and intercellular signaling as a full-length molecule and following regulated intramembrane proteolysis, generating functionally active extra- and intracellular fragments. Intact EpCAM and its proteolytic fragments interact with claudins, CD44, E-cadherin, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), and intracellular signaling components of the WNT and Ras/Raf pathways, respectively. This plethora of functions contributes to shaping intratumor heterogeneity and partial EMT, which are major determinants of the clinical outcome of carcinoma patients. EpCAM represents a marker for the epithelial status of primary and systemic tumor cells and emerges as a measure for the metastatic capacity of CTCs. Consequentially, EpCAM has reclaimed potential as a prognostic marker and target on primary and systemic tumor cells.
Journal Article
The demographic imagination and the nineteenth-century city : Paris, London, New York
\"In this provocative book, Nicholas Daly tracks the cultural effects of the population explosion of the nineteenth century, the 'demographic transition' to the modern world. As the crowded cities of Paris, London and New York went through similar transformations, a set of shared narratives and images of urban life circulated among them, including fantasies of urban catastrophe, crime dramas, and tales of haunted public transport, refracting the hell that is other people. In the visual arts, sentimental genre pictures appeared that condensed the urban masses into a handful of vulnerable figures: newsboys and flower-girls. At the end of the century, proto-ecological stories emerge about the sprawling city as itself a destroyer. This lively study excavates some of the origins of our own international popular culture, from noir visions of the city as a locus of crime, to utopian images of energy and community\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
EMT and MET: necessary or permissive for metastasis?
Epithelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition (EMT) and its reverse mesenchymal‐to‐epithelial transition (MET) have been suggested to play crucial roles in metastatic dissemination of carcinomas. These phenotypic transitions between states are not binary. Instead, carcinoma cells often exhibit a spectrum of epithelial/mesenchymal phenotype(s). While epithelial/mesenchymal plasticity has been observed preclinically and clinically, whether any of these phenotypic transitions are indispensable for metastatic outgrowth remains an unanswered question. Here, we focus on epithelial/mesenchymal plasticity in metastatic dissemination and propose alternative mechanisms for successful dissemination and metastases beyond the traditional EMT/MET view. We highlight multiple hypotheses that can help reconcile conflicting observations, and outline the next set of key questions that can offer valuable insights into mechanisms of metastasis in multiple tumor models. Here, we focus on epithelial/mesenchymal plasticity in metastatic dissemination and propose alternative mechanisms for successful dissemination and metastases beyond the traditional EMT/MET view of single‐cell dissemination. We highlight multiple hypotheses that can help reconcile conflicting observations, and outline the next set of key questions that can offer valuable insights into mechanisms of metastasis in multiple tumor models.
Journal Article