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Although it has long been known that politicians lie, Donald Trump’s entry to the political arena has seen lying been turned not just into an augmented political strategy unparalleled in the recent history of political falsehoods and manipulation, but one that has rapidly spread through the media and, helped by information and communication technologies, across public spaces to reach every domain of society. This example reveals the social dimension of new initiatives in organised lying (i.e. open lying) and upgraded versions of systemic deep manipulation (i.e. transparent manipulation). In the article, we reflect on what has recently happened to the social status of truth, and also to lying and manipulation, in this post-truth world. By conceptualising open lying and transparent manipulation, we try to answer what it means to “lie like Trump”.

The functional paper holds significant potential in some special fields, which has achieved great development. Nevertheless, using cellulose paper to fabricate functional paper, which integrates transparency, robustness, flexibility, shape memory, and sustainability, remains a challenge. Herein, the vitrimer precursor was vacuum impregnated into cellulose paper and then in-situ polymerized to develop a vitrimer-cellulose paper (VCP) with transparency, shape manipulation, robustness, and sustainability. Taking advantage of the vitrimer’s dynamic performance, the resulting VCP demonstrated excellent optical transparency (transmittance of 84%, haze of 75%), enhanced mechanical strength (tensile strength of 80.5 MPa), chemical resistance, thermal-triggered shape manipulation, and reprocessing. Noteworthily, VCP possessed outstanding light management capability with effective light propagating and scattering performance. Furthermore, VCP laminate showed increased mechanical property with the increased layers, and it can be reprocessed to a bulk composite after crushing. These incorporated merits of VCP make a promising candidate for light management and sustainable building application.

Between opacity and transparency, exposition and dissimulation, the viewer's gaze is blocked by illusionist devices that lure it. Masks and masquerades dramatize the lie of appearances. What is at stake is not just the mask, easily detectable because codified, of social conventions. Neither is it only the exhibited mask of carnivals. What is at stake is the mask as simulacrum, as a riddle to be deciphered testifying to the intention to deceive and manipulate. In Romola, the deceiver's mask is the privileged instrument of treachery. It works on the mode of prestidigitation in that it relies on the displacement of attention, drawing the viewer's gaze on a spectacular, yet spurious gesture, while the real action lies somewhere else. It proceeds of a trick or an alternate game of presence and absence. Identifying the mask so as to make it fall, revealing the invisible mask so as to turn it into a recognizable object, contribute to reestablishing the dramatic illusion and the awareness of the interplay between reality and fiction. The spectator must then be on the lookout for cracks in falsely transparent surfaces so as to unmask the traitor. This concept of apparition or exposition of cracks in the mask is illustrated by Piero di Cosimo's painting, which lays bare the true character of Tito, the traitor. What is visible obviously has a major capacity for dissimulation. It partakes of the phenomenon of subjection as defined by Didi-Huberman. It makes things spectacular, exposed to gazes, while putting them underneath (sub-jectio), dissimulating them under the viewer's gaze and therefore establishing a tension between depth and visibility. Masks, make-up and artifices create multiple layers in what is visible. What can be seen and what can be deciphered no longer coincide, therefore threatening the ambition of transparency claimed by realist fiction.

Enfin, le cinquieme chapitre porte sur le role du groupe informel dans la gestion de l'information (acces, retention, deformation). Les recherches de l'ERGI ont etudie le flux informationnel dans le contexte de ce groupe. La question de recherche concernait l'acces a l'information: <> (p. 132). Leurs resultats revelent que oui. Le groupe fournit des informations supplementaires a ses membres, ce qui tend a augmenter leur sentiment de maitrise de l'environnement. Les auteurs soulignent que plusieurs travaux ont mis en lumiere le phenomene de retention de l'information par les membres du groupe informel, ce qui porte a croire que <> (p. 134). Quant a la deformation de l'information, qui consiste en <> visant a ecarter <> (p. 134-135), les auteurs soutiennent qu'elle peut prendre la forme de distorsion de l'information ou de la diffusion de fausses rumeurs. La recherche realisee pour le verifier montre cependant que le groupe informel ne deforme pas plus les informations que les autres membres de l'organisation. En ce sens, son role politique est beaucoup moins actif que les coalitions de travailleurs formees dans le but d'atteindre des objectifs organisationnels specifiques (p. 141). Au chapitre de la presentation des resultats scientifiques, les auteurs expliquent parfois clairement la methode utilisee lors de la cueillette des donnees et celle du prelevement de l'echantillon. En d'autres occasions, toutefois, ils se contentent d'affirmer <> ou <> (et autres du genre) sans que ne soient accolees a ces assertions des references particulieres. La lectrice ou le lecteur ne peut donc pas juger de la validite des inferences derivees de ces resultats. Lorsqu'on ne sait pas comment a ete realisee une recherche, avec combien de personnes (ni leur sexe), selon quelles modalites, dans quel(s) milieu(x), dans quels types d'organisations et a la requete de qui (entreprise, recherche subventionnee, these de maitrise et de doctorat, etc.), le critere de transparence, fondamental en recherche, n'est pas satisfait. Ce n'est qu'a la page 91 qu'on voit apparaitre la section <>, alors qu'a la page 87, on avait deja commence a presenter les <>. Les gestionnaires et les consultants en quete d'efficacite en parcourront l'ouvrage avec plus d'aisance. Il n'en demeure pas moins, en revanche, que les chercheuses et les chercheurs en seront irrites. Pour satisfaire tous les publics (communautes universitaire, etudiante et professionnelle), on a manifestement fait des compromis. Les besoins et les exigences de chacun different pourtant et l'on doit reconnaitre qu'en certains aspects, leur conciliation ne va pas de soi.