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A Comprehensive Review of Digital Twin from the Perspective of Total Process: Data, Models, Networks and Applications
With the rapid development of industrial digitalization and intelligence, there is an urgent need to accurately depict the physical world in digital space, and, in turn, regulate and optimize the behavior of physical entities based on massive data collection and analysis. As a technology that combines virtual space and physical space, digital twin can satisfy all of the above needs, and has attracted widespread attention. Due to the promising application prospects of digital twins, both academia and industry have launched research in this field, and related studies have been conducted from different perspectives. Accordingly, some articles summarizing the existing work have also been published, but they are all from a single perspective, lacking a systematic introduction and summary. Based on this, this paper conducts a comprehensive review of the existing work on digital twins from four perspectives: data, model, network and application, and strives to gain a better understanding of the development of the field from the physical to the virtual and back to the physical. Meanwhile, current research challenges and future directions for the development of digital twins are all discussed.
Journal Article
F26 Identical twins .. Are they identical?
BackgroundReports of monozygotic HD twins are rare (Panas et al, 2008) and phenotypic concordance reported as the rule (Sudarsky et al, 1973). Reports are of twins with the same number of trinucleotide repeats, with different clinical behavioral difficulties but not significant motor differences (Gómed-Esteban et al, 2007). Such phenotypic discordance was reported as very rare (Friedman et al, 2005) and thus be used to explore environmental factors (Ketelaar, Hofstra and Hayden, 2012).Case HistoryTwo female monozygotic twins with HD were born 6 weeks premature and raised in the same environment. Voluntary predictive testing for HD was done when both (Heimler and Zanko, 1995) were aged 21 years. We will report on motor, neuropsychological and psychiatric manifestations along with MRI findings. Twin 2 required admission in 2015 while Twin 1 required admission in 2020.Twin 1 (first born): Referred to Liaison Psychiatry with Eating disorder and low mood aged 23, followed by two suicide attempts and aggressive impulsive behavior. Neurocognitive difficulties included memory impairment, dysarthria and balance difficulties, poor levels of motivation and self-care. OT assessment found a sensory level of activities and exploratory activities were required. MRI: Generalised and bifrontal cerebral atrophy appeared was unusual given the patient‘s age. There was no acute area of infarction on diffusion weighted imaging. Generalised cerebral and bifrontal cerebral atrophy noted.Twin 2: Diagnosed with a heart murmur aged 4 years and surgery aged 10 years. Presented at 18 years with low mood and history of OCD symptoms. Multiple episodes of self-harm and becoming more aggressive and violent. Irritability, impulsivity, and aggressive behavior has continued with word funding difficulties. OT assessment recommended exploratory level of activities. MRI: There was parenchymal atrophy reported, most marked in the frontal and temporal lobes with prominence of sulci and ventricles. Signal return from grey-white matter was normal.ConclusionA detailed comparison of motor, cognitive, and behavioural profile is currently in progress.
Journal Article
The Danish Twin Registry: An Updated Overview
The Danish Twin Registry (DTR) was established in the 1950s, when twins born from 1870 to 1910 were ascertained, and has since been extended to include twins from birth cohorts until 2009. The DTR currently comprises of more than 175,000 twins from the 140 birth cohorts. This makes the DTR the oldest nationwide twin register and among the largest in the world. The combination of data from several surveys, including biological samples and repeated measurements on the same individuals, and data from Danish national registers provides a unique resource for a wide range of twin studies. This article provides an updated overview of the data in the DTR: First, we provide a summary of the establishment of the register, the different ascertainment methods and the twins included; then follows an overview of major surveys conducted in the DTR since 1994 and a description of the DTR biobank, including a description of the molecular data created so far; finally, a short description is given of the linkage to Danish national registers at Statistics Denmark and some recent examples of studies using the various data resources in the DTR are highlighted.
Journal Article
Loading Mode Dependence of Twin‐Twin Boundary Formation in a Textured Magnesium Alloy
Twin‐twin boundaries play vital roles in microstructure evolution and tailoring mechanical properties. In this work, the atomic structures of twin‐twin boundaries formed by interactions between tensile twin variants sharing the same or different zone axes in a deformed magnesium alloy are investigated. Strain accumulation induced by twin‐twin interactions causes the lattice distortion around the intersecting area, which promotes the formation of twin‐twin interfaces. The characteristics of twin‐twin boundaries significantly depend on the activation of twin variants involved in the interactions. The lattice distortion around the twin‐twin boundary region can contribute to the subdivision of coarse grains and suspension of twinning propagation, as well as the absorption of dislocations and nucleation of new grains in the subsequent thermomechanical process. The structures of twin‐twin boundaries formed by interactions between twin variants sharing the same or different zone axes in a deformed magnesium alloy are demonstrated. Lattice distortion around complicated interfaces promotes grain refinement in the subsequent thermomechanical process, enhancing the mechanical performance of magnesium alloys.
Journal Article
Dead on the Bayou
\"Twin sisters and fellow divorcees Sunny Taylor and Eve Vaughn have established their home repair and remodeling business with an eye toward quality and personal attention. So when they're approached by hunky Dave Price to fix up his bayou fishing camp, they're more than happy to take the job--especially since they both secretly think he may prove to be more than just another satisfied customer . . . The ramshackle campsite could certainly use a woman's touch. What it does not need is a dead body--but that's what the trio stumble across. Clearly, the poor soul was murdered-and once the town tongue-waggers get going, Sunny, Eve, and Dave come under suspicion of the police, not to mention potential clients...\"--Back cover.
Book
A Theoretical Open Architecture Framework and Technology Stack for Digital Twins in Energy Sector Applications
Digital twin is often viewed as a technology that can assist engineers and researchers make data-driven system and network-level decisions. Across the scientific literature, digital twins have been consistently theorized as a strong solution to facilitate proactive discovery of system failures, system and network efficiency improvement, system and network operation optimization, among others. With their strong affinity to the industrial metaverse concept, digital twins have the potential to offer high-value propositions that are unique to the energy sector stakeholders to realize the true potential of physical and digital convergence and pertinent sustainability goals. Although the technology has been known for a long time in theory, its practical real-world applications have been so far limited, nevertheless with tremendous growth projections. In the energy sector, there have been theoretical and lab-level experimental analysis of digital twins but few of those experiments resulted in real-world deployments. There may be many contributing factors to any friction associated with real-world scalable deployment in the energy sector such as cost, regulatory, and compliance requirements, and measurable and comparable methods to evaluate performance and return on investment. Those factors can be potentially addressed if the digital twin applications are built on the foundations of a scalable and interoperable framework that can drive a digital twin application across the project lifecycle: from ideation to theoretical deep dive to proof of concept to large-scale experiment to real-world deployment at scale. This paper is an attempt to define a digital twin open architecture framework that comprises a digital twin technology stack (D-Arc) coupled with information flow, sequence, and object diagrams. Those artifacts can be used by energy sector engineers and researchers to use any digital twin platform to drive research and engineering. This paper also provides critical details related to cybersecurity aspects, data management processes, and relevant energy sector use cases.
Journal Article