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En Trujillo, una ciudad al norte de Perú, el número de hidrantes es actualmente 497; solo el 10% está operativo en el centro de la ciudad. Los bomberos no pueden atender emergencias en tiempo óptimo, lo que aumenta los daños materiales y las víctimas debido a la falta de suministro de agua de hidrantes inoperativos y su distribución no óptima. En esta investigación, se diseñó una red de hidrantes mediante un algoritmo genético (AG). Se evaluaron muchas soluciones y se seleccionó la más eficiente con una función de calidad basada en las distancias entre los hidrantes y un punto común. La mejor solución resultante reduce el tiempo de respuesta a emergencias y propone una redistribución estratégica de los hidrantes.  

Introduction: Motor competence should be optimized at an early age. At this level, students have more opportunities to explore and develop their motor coordination through the PE subject and extracurricular activities. However, studies indicate that many Indonesian teachers are unaware of this potential due to limited access to measurement instruments and methods. Additionally, motor development may differ depending on where the students live. Objective: This study analyzed motor competence among 7-12-year-old individuals attending elementary school and compared those residing in lowland and highland areas. Methodology: The study employed a cross-sectional design involving 360 elementary school samples (189 males and 171 females) from various cities and regencies in West Sumatra. Data were analyzed by evaluating motor competence using the Körperkoordinations Test für Kinder (KTK3+EHC), which included balance beam tests, lateral movements, side jumps, and hand-eye coordination tasks. This analysis was facilitated by IBM SPSS version 25. Discussion: Results revealed that the overall mean motor competence scores for students in West Sumatra were 14.45 (SD = 3.4). Based on residence, students’ mean scores in lowland areas were lower (M = 13.81, SD = 2.9) than those in the highland (M = 15.17, SD = 3.8). This difference was statistically significant not only between lowland and highland areas (p<0.000), but also between male (p<0.000) and female students (p<0.030). Conclusion: the findings indicate that motor competence is higher among highland students than those in lowland areas. The difference also applied across gender, with males performing better than females in both regions. Introducción: La competencia motriz debe optimizarse a una edad temprana. A esta edad, los estudiantes tienen más oportunidades de explorar y desarrollar su coordinación motora a través de la asignatura de Educación Física y las actividades extracurriculares. Sin embargo, algunos estudios indican que muchos docentes indonesios desconocen este potencial debido al acceso limitado a instrumentos y métodos de medición. Además, el desarrollo motor puede variar según el lugar de residencia de los estudiantes. Objetivo: Este estudio analizó la competencia motora entre individuos de 7 a 12 años que asisten a la escuela primaria y comparó a aquellos que residen en zonas bajas y altas. Metodología: El estudio empleó un diseño transversal con una muestra de 360 ​​alumnos de primaria (189 varones y 171 mujeres) de diversas ciudades y distritos de Sumatra Occidental. Los datos se analizaron evaluando la competencia motora mediante el Test de Coordinación Corporal para Niños (KTK3+EHC), que incluyó pruebas de equilibrio, movimientos laterales, saltos laterales y tareas de coordinación ojo-mano. Este análisis se realizó con el software IBM SPSS versión 25 Discusión: Los resultados revelaron que la puntuación media general de competencia motora para los estudiantes en Sumatra Occidental fue de 14,45 (DE = 3,4). Según el lugar de residencia, las puntuaciones medias de los estudiantes en las zonas bajas fueron inferiores (M = 13,81, DE = 2,9) que las de los estudiantes en las zonas altas (M = 15,17, DE = 3,8). Esta diferencia fue estadísticamente significativa no solo entre las zonas bajas y altas (p < 0,000), sino también entre los estudiantes varones (p < 0,000) y mujeres (p < 0,030). Conclusión: Los resultados indican que la competencia motora es mayor entre los estudiantes de zonas montañosas que entre los de zonas bajas. Esta diferencia también se observó entre géneros, con mejores resultados de los varones que de las mujeres en ambas regiones. Introdução: A competência motriz deve ser otimizada num período de tempo. Nesta idade, os estudantes têm mais oportunidades de explorar e desenvolver a sua coordenação motora através da atribuição de Educação Física e das atividades extracurriculares. No entanto, alguns estudos indicam que muitos professores indonésios desconhecem este potencial devido ao acesso limitado a instrumentos e métodos de meditação. Além disso, o desenvolvimento do motor pode variar consoante o local de residência dos estudantes. Objectivo: Este estúdio analisou a competência motora entre indivíduos dos 7 aos 12 anos que frequentavam a escola primária e comparou os que residiam em zonas baixas e altas. Metodologia: O estúdio implementou um projeto transversal com uma lista de 360 ​​alunos do ensino básico (189 varões e 171 mulheres) de várias cidades e distritos de Sumatra Ocidental. Os dados foram analisados ​​avaliando a competência motora através do Teste de Coordenação Corporal para Crianças (KTK3+EHC), que incluiu testes de equilíbrio, movimentos laterais, saltos laterais e tarefas de coordenação olho-mano. Esta análise foi realizada com o software IBM SPSS versão 25 Discussão: Os resultados revelaram que a pontuação geral dos media de competência motora para os estudantes em Sumatra Ocidental foi de 14,45 (DE = 3,4). Dependendo do local de residência, as pontuações médias dos estudantes nas zonas baixas são mais baixas (M = 13,81, DE = 2,9) que as dos estudantes nas zonas altas (M = 15,17, DE = 3,8). Esta diferença foi estadísticamente significativa não só entre as zonas baixas e altas (p < 0,000), mas também entre os estudantes varones (p < 0,000) e as mulheres (p < 0,030). Conclusão: Os resultados indicam que a competência motora é maior entre os alunos das zonas montanhosas do que entre as zonas baixas. Esta diferença também foi observada entre os géneros, com melhores resultados das varões que das mulheres em ambas as regiões.

Wind energy is targeted to meet 20% of U.S. energy needs by 2030, but new sites for development of renewable energy may overlap with important habitats of declining populations of grassland birds. Greater Prairie‐Chickens (Tympanuchus cupido) are an obligate grassland bird species predicted to respond negatively to energy development. We used a modified before–after control–impact design to test for impacts of a wind energy development on the reproductive ecology of prairie‐chickens in a 5‐year study. We located 59 and 185 nests before and after development, respectively, of a 201 MW wind energy facility in Greater Prairie‐Chicken nesting habitat and assessed nest site selection and nest survival relative to proximity to wind energy infrastructure and habitat conditions. Proximity to turbines did not negatively affect nest site selection (β = 0.03, 95% CI = −1.2–1.3) or nest survival (β = −0.3, 95% CI = −0.6–0.1). Instead, nest site selection and survival were strongly related to vegetative cover and other local conditions determined by management for cattle production. Integration of our project results with previous reports of behavioral avoidance of oil and gas facilities by other species of prairie grouse suggests new avenues for research to mitigate impacts of energy development. Efectos del Desarrollo de la Energía Eólica sobre la Ecología de Anidación de Gallinas de la Gran Pradera en Pastizales Fragmentados

The problem of this research is the low level of children's play activity in terms of geographical location. This can be seen from the category of children's play activities in the city of Padang which is in the sufficient category. This is because parents are too overprotective of their children in playing activities. Parents are more likely to have their children help their parents work, study and recite the Koran. The objectives of this research: (1) To reveal children's play activities from the highlands; (2) To reveal the play activities of lowland children; (3) To reveal children's beachside play activities; (4) To reveal the effectiveness of children's play activities in terms of highland, lowland and beachside aspects. This research method uses comparative quantitative research (comparison). The research population was highland elementary school students (Tanah Datar Regency), lowland (Padang City), Padang Experimental State Elementary School students, Kampung Jawa Elementary School students, Pariaman City (coastal plain). Samples were drawn using purposive sampling and a sample of 106 people were obtained from the highlands, lowlands and seaside. The instrument used to measure Gusril's Play Activities contains closed questions on a Likert scale with a validity of 0.69 and a reliability of 0.94 as well as open questions to capture data that has not been captured by a closed questionnaire for children in the highlands (Bukittinggi), lowland (Padang City) and the beach (Kota Pariaman). The data analysis technique for this research uses Descriptive and Inferential Oneway Anova statistics to test the effectiveness of children's play activities. Based on data analysis and discussion, the following research results can be concluded: (1) Highland children's play activities are in the very good category; (2) Lowland children's play activities are in the sufficient category; (3) Beachside children's play activities are in the sufficient category; (4) Highland children's play activities are more effective than lowland and beachside areas. (5) There is no significant difference between lowland and beachside play activities. It is recommended that parents give their children the opportunity to play because playing is a child's human right according to the 2003 Geneva Sports and Health Conference. Keywords: Children's play activities, geographical location, highlands, lowlands, edges.

The role of science and technology parks (STPs) in economic development, and in particular in the growth of the firms, has received considerable attention from government policies in different countries. However, there is no consensus in the literature on whether the location in these parks has positive effects on firms’ sales growth. This paper aims to broaden the discussion on the effects of STPs, providing new empirical evidence. With this purpose, we use a sample of 553 Portuguese companies located in these infrastructures and a control sample of the same size. We use the Propensity Score Matching procedure to match the samples and the analysis is carried out using the Generalized Method of Moments in dynamic panel data. The empirical analysis does not prove any statistically significant effect of the location of the firms in science and technology parks on their growth in sales. O papel dos parques de ciência e tecnologia (PCT) no desenvolvimento econômico, especialmente no crescimento de empresas, tem merecido particular atenção por parte das políticas públicas dos diferentes países. Porém, na literatura não existe consenso sobre se a localização nesses parques tem efeitos positivos no crescimento em vendas das empresas. O objetivo deste artigo é alargar a discussão acerca dos efeitos dos PCT,proporcionando novas evidências empíricas. Para isso, utilizamos uma amostra de 553 firmas portuguesas localizadas nessas infraestruturas e uma amostra de controle de idêntica dimensão. O método de emparelhamento utilizado é o Propensity Score Matching (PSM), e a análise é efetuada com recurso ao método generalizado dos momentos em dados em painel dinâmico. A análise empírica não permite provar qualquer efeito estatisticamente significativo da localização das firmas em PCT sobre o seu crescimento em vendas. El papel de los parques científico-tecnológicos (PCT) en el desarrollo económico y, en particular, en el crecimiento de las empresas ha merecido especial atención por parte de las políticas públicas de los diferentes países. Sin embargo, en la literatura no existe consenso sobre si laubicación en estos parques tiene efectos positivos sobre el crecimiento en ventas de las empresas. El objetivo de este artículo es ampliar la discusión sobre los efectos de los PCT, proporcionando nuevas evidencias empíricas. Para ello, utilizamos una muestra de 553 firmas portuguesasubicadas en estas infraestructuras y una muestra de control de idéntica dimensión. El método de emparejamiento utilizado fue el Propensity Score Matching y el análisis se realizó a través del método generalizado de los momentos en datos de panel dinámicos. El análisis empírico no permitió probar ningún efecto estadísticamente significativo de la ubicación de las firmas en PCT sobre su crecimiento en ventas.

All public administration contracts must be evaluated in order to improve their performance while respecting the limits established by laws and regulations. The purpose of this article is to apply an approach to improve the performance of a common building maintenance service contract for the Paraná State Court of Justice (PRCJ), which has a total built area of ​​544 283,79 m² in 224 buildings distributed over 161 counties, by optimizing the territorial partitioning of Paraná State. To partition the state into 14 regions, a binary integer linear programming (BILP) mathematical model is applied to the facilities location problem (FLP) in three scenarios. The results show that Scenario 3 (in which the location of the 14 maintenance offices and the configuration of their areas of activity were optimized) is the best in terms of minimizing the distances traveled by maintenance teams. In this scenario, the total distance traveled would be 9 775 km per day (instead of the current 11 150 km), achieving savings of around 12,3% when compared to the current solution. With this solution, in addition to the distance, the direct and indirect costs associated with the displacement of work teams and the time spent on their corresponding trips would be minimized. Furthermore, the users of maintenance services could be served more quickly, resulting in a higher number of services and greater satisfaction for the target audience of the contract.

According to the \"received view\" the disagreement between endurantism and perdurantism is ontological and concerns the existence of temporal parts of continuants. In a recent paper, Wasserman (2016) argues that the ontological conception of these theories does not address the crucial point: explaining the way things persist. According to Wasserman, perdurantism is not just the view that things have temporal parts; it is the view that things persist by (or in virtue of) having temporal parts. Moreover, in the last decade an alternative understanding of the dispute between endurantism and perdurantism, the so called \"locative turn\", has led to an understanding of these two theories as concerning crucially locational rather than mereological notions. Our main aim in this paper is to bring together those two revisionary approaches to the received view, and show how they can enrich each other and open up further dimensions of the debate. Finally in the last section we focus on some of the non-standard accounts of persistence and location that arise from this approach, such as \"autonomism of persistence and location\" and \"reverse locational endurantism/perdurantism\". De acuerdo con la «concepcion heredada», el desacuerdo entre el endurantismo y el perdurantismo es ontologico y concierne la existencia de partes temporales de los continuantes. En un articulo reciente, Wasserman (2016) argumenta que la concepcion ontologica de estas teorias no aborda un punto crucial: explicar la manera como las cosas persisten. De acuerdo con Wasserman, el perdurantismo no solo acepta que las cosas tienen partes temporales; tambien afirma que las cosas persisten por (o en virtud de) tener partes temporales. Ademas, en la ultima decada una comprension alternativa de la disputa entre endurantismo y perdurantismo, el llamado «giro locativo», ha llevado a una comprension de estas dos teorias como involucrando crucialmente nociones locativas antes que merologicas. Nuestro objetivo en este articulo es unir estas dos aproximaciones revisionistas con la concepcion heredada, y mostrar como pueden enriquecerse mutuamente y abrir nuevas dimensiones en el debate. Finalmente, en la ultima seccion ponemos el foco en algunas aproximaciones no estandares que surgen de esta perspectiva, como el «autonomismo de persistencia y localizacion» y el «endurantismo/perdurantismo locativo inverso».

En este trabajo nos proponemos estudiar el funcionamiento del sistema de adverbios relativos de lugar en español actual para la expresión de valores locativos. En la actualidad, el paradigma de adverbios relativos de lugar en español se basa preferentemente en el esquema preposición + adverbio relativo donde, aunque el uso culto muestra cierta preferencia por el empleo de la forma sintética adonde, frente al grupo analítico a donde. Nuestro análisis de un corpus de los siglos XX y XXI nos permitirá reconocer los principales mecanismos gramaticales que garantizan la estabilidad del sistema de adverbios relativos de lugar en la actualidad (entre los que se reconocen la anteposición de preposición y la presencia de un antecedente explícito en el contexto oracional) al tiempo que explican los usos menos convencionales.

By estimating a stochastic frontier production function that links labor and capital variables in 410 agricultural companies, the behavior of the agricultural productive efficiency in Colombia was evaluated, as well as its effects by geographic location and business size. Results showed that the factors that contribute most to the production function are related to the labor force, business liquidity and intangible assets, aspects that provide competitive advantages for medium and large companies; therefore, we suggest to improve the political-private strategy of business management with incentives for associativity, economic financing, access to R+D+i and transfer, directed to small agricultural companies.

El texto se basa en la tesis doctoral adelantada por uno de los autores en el marco del Doctorado en Ciencias de la Dirección de la Universidad del Rosario en Bogotá, Colombia. En la investigación se estudió la relación entre el desarrollo del sistema de transporte BRT de la ciudad y las decisiones de localización que toman las empresas en Bogotá. Allí se comprueba la dinámica evolutiva de la ubicación de las empresas y la morfología urbana de la ciudad durante los años 2005, 2010 y 2015. En este artículo se presentan los resultados de la evaluación del índice I de Moran como evidencia de la tipología de distribución para las empresas del sector comercial en el año 2015. Esta evaluación analizada en conjunto con resultados obtenidos mediante el uso de otros indicadores de distribución espacial permite afirmar que, la figura de distribución urbana que en la década de los años 70´s del siglo XX correspondía a la categoría de monocentrismo y que al inicio de los años 2000 correspondía a la categoría de policentrismo, en al año 2015 se había transformado respondiendo a los principios de la categoría que en la literatura se conoce como policentrismo especializado. Esta categoría se considera como un indicador de presencia de dinámicas de aglomeración empresarial en la ciudad. Como conclusión se destaca que los resultados el estudio demuestran la hipótesis cuya verificación se anuncia en el título y que a su vez se convierte en el planteamiento del problema: la ciudad de Bogotá y en particular las empresas del sector comercio evidencia la presencia de dinámicas de aglomeración, respondiendo a los principales postulados de esta teoría.