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Research reveals that many mathematics teachers find it difficult to stimulate learners' interest in learning geometry. One major reason suggested is that geometric concepts are not well conceptualised and comprehended by both learners and teachers. The study explored learners’ views on how polygon pieces and dictionary mediate learning of geometry. Nine Grade 8 learners were purposely selected from the cohort of 56 learners based on the diagnostic test results. By employing a qualitative approach through exploration data were gathered from semi- structured interviews and document analysis was implemented and reported in themes. The study found that polygon pieces with mathematics dictionary enhance learners’ learning of geometry through geometric inquiry. Polygon pieces assisted learners with geometric conceptualisation through cutting, constructing and measuring of angles and line segments. The dictionary enhanced learners’ geometric vocabulary by transferring informal vocabulary. We recommend mathematics teachers to integrate polygon pieces assisted by mathematics dictionary in the teaching and learning of mathematics.

In this paper I describe the changing use of the figurative term 'unpack' in Anglo-American geographical writing between 1973 and 2013. I present the results of a survey of the term's occurrence, across four decades, in five leading geography journals. I conclude by discussing the implications of 'unpack' as a critical instruction and reflecting on what that term's deployment reveals about the prioritisation of scholarly activities in geographical research.

The United States lost thousands of troops during World War I, and the government gave next-of-kin a choice about what to do with their fallen loved ones: ship them home for burial or leave them permanently in Europe, in makeshift graves that would be eventually transformed into cemeteries in France, Belgium, and England. World War I marked the first war in which the United States government and military took full responsibility for the identification, burial, and memorialization of those killed in battle, and as a result, the process of burying and remembering the dead became intensely political. The government and military attempted to create a patriotic consensus on the historical memory of World War I in which war dead were not only honored but used as a symbol to legitimize America's participation in a war not fully supported by all citizens.The saga of American soldiers killed in World War I and the efforts of the living to honor them is a neglected component of United States military history, and in this fascinating yet often macabre account, Lisa M. Budreau unpacks the politics and processes of the competing interest groups involved in the three core components of commemoration: repatriation, remembrance, and return. She also describes how relatives of the fallen made pilgrimages to French battlefields, attended largely by American Legionnaires and the Gold Star Mothers, a group formed by mothers of sons killed in World War I, which exists to this day. Throughout, and with sensitivity to issues of race and gender, Bodies of War emphasizes the inherent tensions in the politics of memorialization and explores how those interests often conflicted with the needs of veterans and relatives.

Many legal theorists and judges agree on one major premise in the field of law and religion: that religion clause jurisprudence is in a state of disarray and has been for some time. In Masters of Illusion , Frank S. Ravitch provocatively contends that both hard originalism (a strict focus on the intent of the Framers) and neutrality are illusory in religion clause jurisprudence, the former because it cannot live up to its promise for either side in the debate and the latter because it is simply impossible in the religion clause context. Yet these two principles have been used in almost every Supreme Court decision addressing religion clause questions. Ravitch unpacks the various principles of religion clause interpretation, drawing on contemporary debates such as school prayer and displaying the Ten Commandments on courthouses, to demonstrate that the neutrality principle does not work in a pluralistic society. When defined by large, overarching principles of equality and liberty, neutrality fails to account for differences between groups and individuals. If, however, the Court drew on a variety of principles instead of a single notion of neutrality to decide whether or not laws facilitated or discouraged religious practices, the result could be a more equitable approach to religion clause cases.

This chapter looks at operational issues of AEoI including CRS. The primary issue is one of clear understanding both at board level and at operational level. This has been seen in FATCA and shows no signs of being different with AEoI. Firms are coming late and weak to their obligated deadlines as are many tax authorities. There is a lack of focus that is exacerbated in countries with radically different cultures and languages where the language of AEoI is English and the concepts very American. The key operational issues are related to packing and unpacking data and security of that data from start to finish. In all aspects of the current state of the industry, the authors observe that while the principles and objectives are laudable and governments may sign up to the framework, there is a lack of connectivity between that and the competency of those required to implement it.