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Typology of Pluractional Constructions in the Languages of the World
The aim of this book is to give the first large-scale typological investigation of pluractionality in the languages of the world. Pluractionality is defined as the morphological modification of the verb to express a plurality of situations that can additionally involve a plurality of participants and/or spaces. Based on a 246-language sample, the main characteristics of pluractionality are described and discussed throughout the book. Firstly, a description of the functions that pluractional markers cross-linguistically express is presented and the relationships occurring among them are explained through the semantic map model. Then, the marking strategies that languages display to express such functions are illustrated and some issues concerning the formal identification are briefly discussed as well. The typological generalizations are corroborated showing how pluractional markers work in three specific languages (Akawaio, Beja, Maa). In conclusion, the theoretical conceptualization of pluractionality is discussed referring to the Radical Construction Grammar approach.
eBook
The syntax of volitives in biblical Hebrew and Amarna Canaanite prose
No detailed description available for \"The Syntax of Volitives in Biblical Hebrew and Amarna Canaanite Prose\".
eBook
Nonunitary structure of unergative verbs in Georgian
Traditionally defined as intransitive activity denoting verbs with agent argument, unergative predicates can be structured differently within the same language and cross-linguistically. In some languages, they are straightforwardly represented as monovalent verbs with Agent argument. In others, where agentivity and dyadicity are interdependent, unergatives are subject to argument structure modification. In Georgian, unergatives share ergative case-assigning property with agentive transitives and Viewpoint sensitivity with statives. Both properties are best accounted for if unergatives are underlyingly stative predicates with Holder arguments that undergo causativisation in the perfective. Structuring unergatives in perfective aspect as bivalent reflexive causatives with coindexed Agent and Holder supports the analysis of ergative case along a modified algorithm of dependent case theory: in Georgian, ergative is assigned to the higher argument in a bi-argumental verbal template.Variable behaviour of unergatives with dative arguments calls for further refinement of their structure. While most are underlyingly simplex stative verbs, a class of behaviour-denoting unergatives is structured as complex predicates where a stative light verb combines with a nominal/adjectival predicate. Shaped by general structural constraints, every configurational option proposed in the study yields a predicate with one agentive event participant, in conformity with a traditional definition of unergativity.
Journal Article
Cравнение и метафора в идиостиле С. Кинга
В статье выявлены существенные характеристики идиостиля С. Кинга, отражающие специфику авторского использования сравнений и метафор. На материале романов «1408», «Кэрри», «Сияние», «Ловец снов», «Мертвая Зона» описаны семантические и структурные типы сравнений и метафор, показаны их функции в формировании содержания художественного текста. Структурный анализ позволил установить несколько типов формальных моделей построения сравнения и метафоры: однозвенное глагольное сравнение (as if ... verb, verb ... like ... verb), двухзвенная атрибутивная структура (noun-like), двух- и трехзвенная номинативную модель сравнения, а также простые (однообразные) и сложные (многообразные) модели метафоры. В результате семантического анализа романов С. Кинга выявлен сложный характер участия образного сравнения и метафоры в выражении жанровой специфики. Оба тропа активно используются для создания напряжения повествования и повышения атмосферы ужаса. Они выполняют сходные функции в текстах, однако отличаются способами создания атмосферы напряжения и ужаса: если в сравнении образы представлены прямо, то для метафоры характерны косвенные и непрямые модели передачи смысла. Описав образые сравнения и метафоры как средства порождения ужаса, ощущения смерти, страха и иных эмоций, авторы статьи пришли к выводу о том, что данные тропы персонализируют стиль С. Кинга.
Journal Article
Serial Verb Constructions in Saudi Arabic
Serial Verb Constructions have obvious implications for both descriptive and theoretical linguists (e.g., Newmayer, 2004; Aikhenvald & Dixon 2006; Haspelmath 2016). One fundamental question is whether the criteria of Serial Verb Constructions are universal (Déchaine 1993; Newmayer 2004; Muysken & Veenstra 2006) or language-specific (Stewart 2001). This paper aims to investigate this debate by examining data from Saudi Arabic (Semitic language family), which has not been examined or compared as a serializing code with other constructions in other languages. Based on the most noticeable features of Serial Verb Constructions such as descriptive facts, syntactic and semantic features, the present study concluded that Verb + Verb combinations in Saudi Arabic could satisfy the relevant criteria of Serial Verb Constructions.
Journal Article
Processing ergativity in compound light verb constructions: electrophysiological evidence from Hindi
IntroductionErgativity marks subject arguments as agents of a transitive event and thereby signals verbal transitivity and influences language comprehension.MethodWe report here on an event-related brain potentials (ERP) study in Hindi, in which we investigated this interconnection to ascertain whether the ergative case as a processing cue and its ERP correlates can be generalized across and within ergative languages. The case marking on the subject argument (ergative or nominative case) in our study either matched or mismatched with the transitivity of the light verb (transitive or intransitive) in compound light verb constructions.ResultsErgative case violations due to an intransitive light verb evoked an N400 effect, whereas nominative case violations due to a transitive light verb elicited a P600 effect.DiscussionThe results reveal neurophysiological differences in the processing of ergative and nominative case alignment modulated by the transitivity of the light verbs. The findings highlight the need for cross-linguistic research to aim beyond universality and elucidate the mechanism underlying the processing of language-specific structural variations.
Journal Article
Frame-constructional verb classes : change and theft verbs in English and German
While verb classes are a mainstay of linguistic research, the field lacks consensus on precisely what constitutes a verb class. This book presents a novel approach to verb classes, employing a bottom-up, corpus-based methodology and combining key insights from Frame Semantics, Construction Grammar, and Valency Grammar. On this approach, verb classes are formulated at varying granularity levels to adequately capture both the shared semantic and syntactic properties unifying verbs of a class and the idiosyncratic properties unique to individual verbs. In-depth analyses based on this approach shed light on the interrelations between verbs, frame-semantics, and constructions, and on the semantic richness and network organization of grammatical constructions.This approach is extended to a comparison of Change and Theft verbs, revealing unexpected lexical and syntactic differences across semantically distinct classes. Finally, a range of contrastive (German-English) analyses demonstrate how verb classes can inform the cross-linguistic comparison of verbs and constructions.
eBook