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Alfredo Molano Bravo nació en 1944, en una familia bogotana de clase media alta que conservaba algunas tierras en el altiplano cundiboyacense y en los Llanos, y que tenía refinados gustos con dejos aristocráticos. De allí salió el amor por el campo y sus trabajadores, así como por las corridas de toros, a las que seguiría asistiendo hasta sus últimos días, a pesar de la creciente controversia en torno a esta afición. En cambio, ante la tierra siempre mantuvo una distancia crítica, especialmente por su desigual distribución en el país, de manera que prefirió inclinarse por los desposeídos. Como muchas veces lo narró, Molano conoció la violencia a los cuatro años, cuando desde su casa en La Calera vislumbró en el rojo atardecer del 9 de abril de 1948 a la Bogotá que ardía tras la muerte del caudillo. Días después, presenció la ejecución de unos “nueveabrileños” por parte del alcalde de ese municipio. La experiencia traumática de ver los cadáveres de “chusmeros” liberales, se repetiría en los pueblos en los que pasaba vacaciones en las tierras calientes de Cundinamarca y Tolima. Pero en él, esa experiencia, que para cualquier niño sería paralizante, se convirtió en motor de búsqueda de las causas de nuestra violencia y la raíz de su profunda esperanza en las bondades de la paz para Colombia.

Violent video games are increasingly popular, raising concerns by parents, researchers, policy makers, and informed citizens about potential harmful effects. Chapter 1 describes the history of violent games and their explosive growth. Chapter 2 discusses research methodologies, how one establishes causality in science, and prior research on violent television, film, and video games. Chapter 3 presents the General Aggression Model, focusing on how media violence increases aggression and violence in both short and long-term contexts. Important scientific questions are answered by three new studies. Chapter 4 reports findings from a laboratory experiment: even children's games with cartoonish violence increased aggression in children and college students. Chapter 5 reports findings from a survey study of high school students: frequent violent game play leads to an angry and hostile personality and to frequent aggression and violence. Chapter 6 reports findings from the first longitudinal study video game effects: elementary school children who frequently played violent games early in the school year became more verbally and physically aggressive, and less helpful. Chapters 7 and 8 compare a host of risk factors for development of aggression, and find video game effects to be quite important. Chapter 9 describes the role of scientific findings in public policy, industry responses to scientific findings, and public policy options. Chapter 10 recommends that public policy debates acknowledge the harmful effects of violent video games on youth, and urges a more productive debate about whether and how modern societies should act.

Research suggests that child-to-parent violence (CPV) is related to a previous history of violence within the family setting. The current study was aimed to explore the exposure to violence in different settings (school, community, home, and TV) and its relationship to some variables of the social-cognitive processing (hostile social perception, impulsivity, ability to anticipate the consequences of social behaviors and to select the appropriate means to achieve the goals of social behaviors) in a group of juveniles who assaulted their parents. It is also examined how they differ from other young offenders and non-offender adolescents. The sample included 90 adolescents from Jaén (Spain). Thirty of them were juveniles who had been reported by their parents for being violent towards them and 30 were juveniles who had committed other types of offences. The third group was made up of 30 adolescents without any criminal charge. Adolescents answered measures of exposure to violence, perception of criticism/rejection from parents, hostile social perception, and social problem- solving skills. Results revealed that juveniles who abused their parents reported higher levels of exposure to violence at home when comparing to the other groups. In addition, exposure to violence at home was significantly correlated to the hostile social perception of adolescents in CPV cases. Implications for prevention and treatment are discussed. La investigación sugiere que la violencia filio-parental está relacionada con la historia previa de violencia en el seno familiar. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo explorar la exposición a la violencia en diferentes contextos (colegio, calle, hogar y TV), así como su relación con algunas variables del procesamiento socio-cognitivo (impulsividad, percepción social hostil, habilidad para anticipar y comprender las consecuencias de conductas sociales y para seleccionar los medios apropiados para lograr objetivos de conductas sociales), en un grupo de menores denunciados por maltrato hacia sus padres. Se examinó también si existían diferencias respecto a otros menores infractores y menores no infractores. La muestra estuvo compuesta por 90 adolescentes procedentes de Jaén (España). De ellos, 30 eran menores denunciados por maltrato hacia sus padres y 30 eran menores que había cometido otros delitos. El tercer grupo estuvo compuesto por menores no infractores. Los adolescentes cumplimentaron cuestionarios sobre exposición a la violencia, percepción de crítica/rechazo de los padres, percepción social hostil y habilidades de resolución de problemas sociales. Los resultados mostraron que los menores que agredían a sus padres presentaban mayores niveles de exposición a la violencia en el hogar. Además, la exposición a la violencia en el hogar se relacionaba significativamente con la percepción social hostil de los adolescentes. Se discuten las implicaciones de los resultados para la prevención y el tratamiento en casos de violencia filio-parental.

Background: Although COVID-19 is a major worldwide health threat, there is another global public health emergency that is becoming a growing challenge. Domestic violence is a public health and human rights issue that primarily affects women and children worldwide. Several countries have reported a significant increase in domestic violence cases since the COVID-19-induced lockdowns and physical distancing measures were implemented. The COVID-19 health crisis is exacerbating another pre-existing public health problem by increasing the severity and frequency of domestic violence, thus demonstrating the need to adopt significant and long-term measures. Objective: Therefore, it is urgently necessary to promote and increase actions and policies to guarantee the safety and dignity of all victims of domestic violence worldwide. Methods: This paper describes preventive measures and action plans to combat violence against women and children during the COVID-19 pandemic. Conclusion: The prevention of domestic violence must indeed be every government's priority and every citizen's responsibility. * Violence against women 45 and children (VAWC) is a global health issue with important physical and psychological consequences. * COVID-19 is associated 50 with increased VAWC worldwide. * COVID-19 outbreak is anopportunity to take longlasting preventive actions of 55 VAWC.

The objective of this research was to study victimization and aggression in adolescent and young couple relationships, as well as to identify the directionality of violence perpetration in a sample of 984 people between 15 and 31 years of age, of which 58.2% were women and 41.8% were men. Regarding the educational level of the population under study, 26% were students of junior high school, senior high school, or vocational training and 56.5% were college students. The research design followed the nonprobability purposive sampling method and used the DVQ-R questionnaire. The results suggest that violence is 65.2% bidirectional and 14.30% unidirectional, being bidirectionality more frequent in psychological violence and decreasing when physical violence occurs. The results reveal the need to integrate the different modalities of dating violence (unidirectional and bidirectional) and unperceived violence –that gives rise to technical abuse– into the different prevention programs addressed to adolescents and youth.

This article explores how time interacts forcefully with the experience of living within toxic spaces. Through ethnographic research and interviews with residents of a contaminated town in Louisiana, the article unpacks the uncertain temporalities of industrial pollution and potential means of resistance. Putting Mbembe's (2003) postcolonial treatise on necropolitics in conversation with Nixon's (2011) work on slow violence, the article examines the racialized, uneven, and attritional experience of petrochemical pollution in a former plantation landscape. By exploring the necropolitics of place, the article reveals how unjust exposure to toxic chemicals creates contemporary \"death-worlds\" that are experienced in temporally uncertain and constricting ways. The oppressive nature of uncertain temporality makes the material assemblages of petrochemical infrastructure daily environmental concerns. Yet by focusing on the lived experience of communities inhabiting this toxic geography, the article notes how witnessing gradual changes to the local environment has become a barometer for perceiving chronic pollution. The idea of \"slow observation\" is posited as a useful counterpoint to slow violence and the permanent wounding of toxic pollution. Slow observation is an important aspect of living with sustained environmental brutality and offers a potential means of political resistance and doing undone environmental justice.

Venezuela es un Estado Parte del Estatuto de Roma y entre los años 2018 y 2021 estuvo abierto un examen preliminar identificado como “Venezuela i” por la presunta ocurrencia de crímenes de lesa humanidad en su territorio, el cual se cerró para dar paso a una investigación que está en curso. En 2022 el Estado venezolano solicitó la inhibición del fiscal de la Corte y este respondió requiriendo a la Sala de Cuestiones Preliminares la reanudación de la investiga­ción, todo conforme al artículo 18 del Estatuto. En la respuesta del fiscal, este deja saber que el Estado ha señalado que no existe un tipo penal específico de persecución en la legislación venezolana1. Esta respuesta inspira este artículo, que tiene como objetivo general determinar si el crimen de persecución por razones de género está consagrado o no en el ordenamiento jurídico venezolano, para lo cual se revisará la legislación interna, especialmente la Ley Orgánica sobre el Derechos de las Mujeres a una Vida Libre de Violencia, se señalarán algunas consideraciones hechas por órganos internacionales sobre si hay moti­vos razonables para creer que en Venezuela han ocurrido casos de persecución por motivos de género, lo cual justificaría la importancia de incorporar este crimen al catálogo de delitos en la legislación nacional.