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Venomous encounters
How do we know which snakes are dangerous? This seemingly simple
question caused constant concern for the white settlers who
colonised Australia after 1788. Facing a multitude of serpents in
the bush, their fields and their homes, colonists wanted to know
which were the harmful species and what to do when bitten. But who
could provide this expertise? Liberally illustrated with period
images, Venomous Encounters argues that much of the
knowledge about which snakes were deadly was created by observing
snakebite in domesticated creatures, from dogs to cattle.
Originally accidental, by the middle of the nineteenth century this
process became deliberate. Doctors, naturalists and amateur
antidote sellers all caused snakes to bite familiar creatures in
order to demonstrate the effects of venom - and the often erratic
impact of 'cures'. In exploring this culture of colonial
vivisection, Venomous Encounters asks fundamental
questions about human-animal relationships and the nature of modern
medicine.
eBook
The Death of Animals in Medical School
Although live animals had been used in medical education for millennia, with recent changes at Johns Hopkins and the University of Tennessee, every core U.S. medical school curriculum has now ceased this practice. It is worth considering the causes and implications of this milestone.
In May 2016, the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine discontinued use of live pigs in its surgical clerkship, a practice introduced by William Halsted in 1895. Although live animals had been used in medical education for millennia, the practice has now been abolished from the standard curriculum of every U.S. medical school. It is worth considering the causes and implications of this milestone.
Use of live animals had become nearly ubiquitous in U.S. medical schools by the mid-20th century. In a 1989 survey, nearly 90% of U.S. physicians reported that live-animal labs constituted an “essential” part of their education. . . .
Journal Article