Catalogue Search | MBRL
Are you sure you want to remove the book from the shelf?
{{itemTitle}}
18,190
result(s) for
"waterfowl"
Sort by:
Characteristics and Diversity of Waterfowl Community in Ankang Yinghu Wetland Reserve of Shaanxi Province
湿地鸟类不仅是鸟类的重要组成部分, 也是湿地环境质量变化的重要指示物种。根据陕西安康瀛湖湿地保护区湿地生境状况, 将研究区划分为河流湿地、水库湿地、沼泽和草甸湿地3种类型, 于2016年9月—2019年8月, 采用样线法与样点法对瀛湖湿地保护区水鸟群落特征和多样性进行调查, 共记录到湿地水鸟68种, 隶属8目17科, 其中, 旅鸟25种, 冬候鸟20种, 夏候鸟13种, 留鸟9种, 迷鸟1种；国家一级保护水鸟2种, 国家二级保护水鸟5种, 省级重点保护水鸟12种, “三有”水鸟43种；广性分布水鸟11种, 中性分布水鸟23种, 狭性分布水鸟34种；极优势种3种, 优势种10种, 常见种49种, 稀有种6种。不同湿地生境中水鸟群落的ShannonWiener指数和Pielou指数由高到低为河流湿地、水库湿地、沼泽和草甸湿地；3种湿地生境水鸟群落相似性指数均很低, 其水鸟群落物种结构差异明显。冬季ShannonWiener指数和Pielou指数最高, 其次为春季、秋季和夏季。研究结果对瀛湖湿地保护区水鸟多样性和湿地生境保护具有重要参考价值。
Journal Article
Biorobotic Waterfowl Flipper with Skeletal Skins in a Computational Framework: Kinematic Conformation and Hydrodynamic Analysis
Biorobotic Waterbird Flipper Locomotion Flipper‐propelled locomotion is distinguished by a rhythmic, alternating movement of the flippers, resulting in a wave‐like motion that propels the cormorant forward. In article number 2200380, Jinguo Huang, and co‐workers propose the processing framework to deliver the technological basis for the issue of flexible cormorant flippers confronted with fluid pressures during underwater motions.
Journal Article
Examining inter‐regional and intra‐seasonal differences in wintering waterfowl landscape associations among Pacific and Atlantic flyways
The Central Valley of California (CVC) and Mid‐Atlantic (MA) in the U.S. are both critical sites for nationwide food security, and many waterfowl species annually, especially during the winter, providing feeding and roosting locations for a variety of species. Mapping waterfowl distributions, using NEXRAD, may aid in the adaptive management of important waterfowl habitat and allow various government agencies to better understand the interface between wild and domestic birds and commercial agricultural practices. We used 9 years (2014–2023) of data from the US NEXRAD network to model winter waterfowl relative abundance in the CVC and MA as a function of weather, temporal period, environmental conditions, and landcover characteristics using boosted regression tree modelling. We were able to quantify the variability in effect size of 28 different covariates across space and time within two geographic regions which are critical to nationwide waterfowl management and host a high density of nationally important commercial agriculture. In general, weather, geographic (distance to features), and landcover condition (wetness index) predictors had the strongest relative effect on predicting wintering waterfowl relative abundance in both regions, while effects of land cover composition were more regionally and temporally specific. Increased daily mean temperature was a major predictor of increasing relative waterfowl abundance in both regions throughout the winter. Increasing precipitation had differing effects within regions, increasing relative waterfowl abundance in the MA, while decreasing in general within the CVC. Increasing relative waterfowl abundance in the CVC are strongly tied to the flooding of the landscape and rice availability, whereas waterfowl in the MA, where water is less limiting, are generally governed by waste grain availability and emergent wetland on the landscape. Waterfowl relative abundance in the MA was generally higher nearer to the Atlantic coast and lakes, while in the CVC they were higher nearer to lakes. Our findings promote a better understanding of spatial associations of waterfowl to landscape features and may aid in conservation and biosecurity management protocols.
Journal Article
Integrated Population Models Facilitate Ecological Understanding and Improved Management Decisions
Integrated population models (IPMs) represent a formal statistical methodology for combining multiple data sets such as population counts, band recoveries, and fecundity estimates into a single unified analysis with dual objectives: better estimating population size, trajectory, and vital rates; and formally describing the ecological processes that generated these patterns. Although IPMs have been used in population ecology and fisheries management, their use in wildlife management has been limited. Data sets available for North American waterfowl are unprecedented in terms of time span (>60 years) and geographic coverage, and are especially well-suited for development of IPMs that could improve the understanding of population ecology and help guide future harvest and habitat management decisions. In this overview, we illustrate 3 potential benefits of IPMs: integration of multiple data sources (i.e., population counts, mark-recapture data, and fecundity estimates), increased precision of parameter estimates, and ability to estimate missing demographic parameters by reanalyzing results from a historical study of canvasbacks (Aythya valisineria). Drawing from our own published and unpublished work, we demonstrate how IPMs could be used to identify the critical vital rates that have had the greatest influence on population change in lesser scaup (Aythya affinis), evaluate potential mechanisms of harvest compensation for American black ducks (Anas rubripes), or prioritize the most appropriate places to conduct habitat management to benefit northern pintails (Anas acuta). Integrated population models provide a powerful platform for evaluating alternative hypotheses about population regulation and they have potential to advance the understanding of wildlife ecology and help managers make ecologically based decisions.
Journal Article
The Migratory Bird Treaty and a Century of Waterfowl Conservation
In the final decades of the nineteenth century, concern was building about the status of migratory bird populations in North America. In this literature review, we describe how that concern led to a landmark conservation agreement in 1916, between the United States and Great Britain (on behalf of Canada) to conserve migratory birds shared by Canada and the United States. Drawing on published literature and our personal experience, we describe how subsequent enabling acts in both countries gave rise to efforts to better estimate population sizes and distributions, assess harvest rates and demographic impacts, design and fund landscape-level habitat conservation initiatives, and organize necessary political and regulatory processes. Executing these steps required large-scale thinking, unprecedented regional and international cooperation, ingenuity, and a commitment to scientific rigor and adaptive management. We applaud the conservation efforts begun 100 years ago with the Migratory Bird Treaty Convention. The agreement helped build the field of wildlife ecology and conservation in the twentieth century but only partially prepares us for the ecological and social challenges ahead.
Journal Article
What waterfowl hunters want: exploring heterogeneity in hunting trip preferences
Canadian and American waterfowl hunters were surveyed to identify their hunting trip preferences. Respondents were individuals that were now participating or had participated in waterfowl hunting, and most had hunted the majority of the last five years. We identified four latent classes of waterfowl hunters that varied in their preferences for harvest, access effort, length of travel, quantity of waterfowl seen, and the potential for interference/competition. We found a diminishing return associated with the number of waterfowl harvested, and that ‘devoted’ and ‘local’ hunters did not perceive appreciable benefit from harvesting more birds beyond harvesting a single bird. Results highlight the importance of not only considering population size, but also the location of habitat for people and waterfowl. Our results provide waterfowl managers important insights into the heterogeneity of North American waterfowl hunters by highlighting differences in priorities for waterfowl hunting trips. Notably, to address this heterogeneity, managers could consider the balance of objectives, actions and resources designed to satisfy current waterfowl hunters. Managing access to improve the likelihood that hunters will see and have opportunities to harvest some waterfowl has benefit to hunters.
Journal Article
Phylogeny of waterfowl (Anseriformes) constructed using genome sequences provides insights into topological incongruences
Abstract
The evolutionary history of waterfowl (Anseriformes) has long been a focal point of avian research. However, previous phylogenetic investigations have focused primarily on morphology or mitochondrial DNA or have lacked sufficient taxon sampling. Accompanied by observed phylogenetic incongruence and incomplete resolution, waterfowl phylogenetic branching patterns remain uncertain at various taxonomic ranks. To further validate phylogenetic relationships among higher waterfowl taxa and assess presence of conflicting signal, we assembled and analyzed 24 waterfowl genomes representing all waterfowl families and several subfamilies. Utilizing both newly acquired and previously obtained genomes, we constructed and analyzed seven DNA data classes, which yielded highly resolved phylogenetic trees including a time-calibrated tree. Most of these trees consistently and completely resolved the phylogenetic relationships of the included waterfowl species. Despite these efforts, our analysis across chromosomes uncovered four instances of phylogenetic incongruous signal. After minimizing tree estimation error through focus on whole-genome alignment dataset and by sequence simulation, analyses revealed that incomplete lineage sorting and gene introgression essentially contributed to all gene-tree discordance. The variable impact of both factors across distinct waterfowl nodes reflects an underlying complexity that warrants further interpretation. This study not only presents a strongly-supported and well-resolved phylogenetic backbone for the major waterfowl lineages, but also provides foundational data for subsequent comparative genomics studies of a more expanded set of waterfowl taxa.
Journal Article