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Ways of seeing = طرق الإبصار
On view from 2 June to 13 August 2017, Arter presents \"Ways of Seeing\", an international group exhibition curated by Sam Bardaouil and Till Fellrath, founders of the multi-disciplinary curatorial platform Art Reoriented, and co-chairmen of the Montblanc Cultural Foundation. Taking its cue from John Berger's 1972 groundbreaking text on visual culture, the eponymous exhibition explores the various formalistic strategies that artists employ to re-configure our perception of the world. \"Ways of Seeing\" brings together 33 artists a majority of whom will be exhibited for the first time in Turkey. The exhibition consists of 70 works ranging from 1000 BC to the present and spanning a variety of media from painting, sculpture and photography to sound, film and installation. It includes a number of seminal works such as an early 1968 projection piece by James Turrell, one of the vertical construction installations of Fred Sandback, video pioneers Paul and Marlene Kos' 1976 \"lightning\" video, and two of Gustav Metzger's \"Historic Photographs\" along with a number of his early 1940s drawings.--ARTER website.
Book
The Ancient Egyptian Book of Two Ways
This title is part of UC Press's Voices Revived program, which commemorates University of California Press's mission to seek out and cultivate the brightest minds and give them voice, reach, and impact. Drawing on a backlist dating to 1893, Voices Revived makes high-quality, peer-reviewed scholarship accessible once again using print-on-demand technology. This title was originally published in 1972.
eBook
A Reservoir of Ionized Gas in the Galactic Halo to Sustain Star Formation in the Milky Way
Without a source of new gas, our Galaxy would exhaust its supply of gas through the formation of stars. Ionized gas clouds observed at high velocity may be a reservoir of such gas, but their distances are key for placing them in the galactic halo and unraveling their role. We have used the Hubble Space Telescope to blindly search for ionized high-velocity clouds (iHVCs) in the foreground of galactic stars. We show that iHVCs with 90 < lVLSRl £ 170 kilometers per second (where VLSR is the velocity in the local standard of rest frame) are within one galactic radius of the Sun and have enough mass to maintain star formation, whereas iHVCs with lVLSRl > 170 kilometers per second are at larger distances. These may be the next wave of infalling material.
Journal Article
Rotation Curve of the Milky Way and the Dark Matter Density
We review the current status of the study of rotation curve (RC) of the Milky Way, and present a unified RC from the Galactic Center to the galacto-centric distance of about 100 kpc. The RC is used to directly calculate the distribution of the surface mass density (SMD). We then propose a method to derive the distribution of dark matter (DM) density in the in the Milky Way using the SMD distribution. The best-fit dark halo profile yielded a local DM density of ρ ⊙ = 0.36 ± 0.02 GeV cm − 3 . We also review the estimations of the local DM density in the last decade, and show that the value is converging to a value at ρ ⊙ = 0.39 ± 0.09 GeV cm − 3 .
Journal Article
Practicing Piety in Medieval Ashkenaz
In the urban communities of medieval Germany and northern France, the beliefs, observances, and practices of Jews allowed them to create and define their communities on their own terms as well as in relation to the surrounding Christian society. Although medieval Jewish texts were written by a learned elite, the laity also observed many religious rituals as part of their everyday life. InPracticing Piety in Medieval Ashkenaz, Elisheva Baumgarten asks how Jews, especially those who were not learned, expressed their belonging to a minority community and how their convictions and deeds were made apparent to both their Jewish peers and the Christian majority.
Practicing Piety in Medieval Ashkenazprovides a social history of religious practice in context, particularly with regard to the ways Jews and Christians, separately and jointly, treated their male and female members. Medieval Jews often shared practices and beliefs with their Christian neighbors, and numerous notions and norms were appropriated by one community from the other. By depicting a dynamic interfaith landscape and a diverse representation of believers, Baumgarten offers a fresh assessment of Jewish practice and the shared elements that composed the piety of Jews in relation to their Christian neighbors.
eBook
Two stellar-mass black holes in the globular cluster M22
Two flat-spectrum radio sources in the Milky Way globular cluster M22 are thought to be accreting stellar-mass black holes; the identification of two black holes in one cluster shows that the ejection of black holes from clusters is not as efficient as predicted by most models.
One cluster, but two black holes
The current consensus is that a typical globular star cluster can accommodate just one stellar-mass black hole. Many more will be created, but all but one will be ejected following dynamical interactions. New observations of the Milky Way globular cluster M22, however, reveal the presence of two radio sources in one cluster, with properties typical of accreting black holes each more than ten times the mass of the Sun. This suggests that the ejection of black holes is not as efficient as predicted by most models. And it may not stop there: the authors speculate that there could be a population of tens of black holes in M22, either as single black holes or in binaries where there is no mass transfer taking place.
Hundreds of stellar-mass black holes probably form in a typical globular star cluster, with all but one predicted to be ejected through dynamical interactions
1
,
2
,
3
. Some observational support for this idea is provided by the lack of X-ray-emitting binary stars comprising one black hole and one other star (‘black-hole/X-ray binaries’) in Milky Way globular clusters, even though many neutron-star/X-ray binaries are known
4
. Although a few black holes have been seen in globular clusters around other galaxies
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,
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, the masses of these cannot be determined, and some may be intermediate-mass black holes that form through exotic mechanisms
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. Here we report the presence of two flat-spectrum radio sources in the Milky Way globular cluster M22, and we argue that these objects are black holes of stellar mass (each ∼10–20 times more massive than the Sun) that are accreting matter. We find a high ratio of radio-to-X-ray flux for these black holes, consistent with the larger predicted masses of black holes in globular clusters compared to those outside
8
. The identification of two black holes in one cluster shows that ejection of black holes is not as efficient as predicted by most models
1
,
2
,
4
, and we argue that M22 may contain a total population of ∼5–100 black holes. The large core radius of M22 could arise from heating produced by the black holes
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.
Journal Article
Application of student's t-test, analysis of variance, and covariance
Student's t test (t test), analysis of variance (ANOVA), and analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) are statistical methods used in the testing of hypothesis for comparison of means between the groups. The Student's t test is used to compare the means between two groups, whereas ANOVA is used to compare the means among three or more groups. In ANOVA, first gets a common P value. A significant P value of the ANOVA test indicates for at least one pair, between which the mean difference was statistically significant. To identify that significant pair(s), we use multiple comparisons. In ANOVA, when using one categorical independent variable, it is called one-way ANOVA, whereas for two categorical independent variables, it is called two-way ANOVA. When using at least one covariate to adjust with dependent variable, ANOVA becomes ANCOVA. When the size of the sample is small, mean is very much affected by the outliers, so it is necessary to keep sufficient sample size while using these methods.
Journal Article
Isomorphic Relationship Between L-three-way Concept Lattices
The three-way decision (3WD) creates a new perspective for decision-making by adding a third option in addition to acceptance and rejection. The decision cost, caused by the yes-or-no decision pattern, is avoided. The 3WD is a human-cognition-inspired problem-solving pattern which offers new theories, models, and tools for cognitive analytics. Formal concept analysis, as a method proposed to mine hidden patterns in data, can only deal with binary-valued data when it appeared. To process more types of data,
L
-concept analysis, where
L
represents a truth-value structure, is presented with the generation of various
L
-two-way (
L
2W) and
L
-three-way (
L
3W) concept lattices. The aim in this study is to explore the relationship between various
L
3W concept lattices that have not been represented by any existing theorems. To fulfill this goal, first, the relationship between
L
2W concept lattices is examined, and then, the relationship between
L
3W concept lattices is analysed. Finally, the relationship between the
L
2W and
L
3W concepts is revealed. The results show that the eight types of
L
2W concept lattices form two isomorphic groups. The four types of
L
-object-induced three-way concept lattices, as well as the four types of
L
-attribute-induced three-way concept lattices, are isomorphic respectively. In addition, the equivalent relationship between
L
3W concepts and
L
2W concepts provides a way to construct
L
3W concept lattices based on
L
2W concept lattices.
Journal Article
Shape Memory Polymers as Smart Materials: A Review
Polymer smart materials are a broad class of polymeric materials that can change their shapes, mechanical responses, light transmissions, controlled releases, and other functional properties under external stimuli. A good understanding of the aspects controlling various types of shape memory phenomena in shape memory polymers (SMPs), such as polymer structure, stimulus effect and many others, is not only important for the preparation of new SMPs with improved performance, but is also useful for the optimization of the current ones to expand their application field. In the present era, simple understanding of the activation mechanisms, the polymer structure, the effect of the modification of the polymer structure on the activation process using fillers or solvents to develop new reliable SMPs with improved properties, long lifetime, fast response, and the ability to apply them under hard conditions in any environment, is considered to be an important topic. Moreover, good understanding of the activation mechanism of the two-way shape memory effect in SMPs for semi-crystalline polymers and liquid crystalline elastomers is the main key required for future investigations. In this article, the principles of the three basic types of external stimuli (heat, chemicals, light) and their key parameters that affect the efficiency of the SMPs are reviewed in addition to several prospective applications.
Journal Article