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Village streets are indispensable spaces for people to perform outdoor activities, and they also directly affect the outdoor wind environment in villages. At present, people are paying more attention to the wind environment comfort of urban residential areas and urban commercial streets, but there is a lack of attention and research on the wind environment comfort of village and town streets. By summarizing the field research and meteorological data of Lefeng Village, we propose the outdoor wind environment evaluation requirements applicable to the Hanjiang River’s Chuan Dao area in the winter and summer seasons. We found that more than 80% of the outdoor wind environment in the summer is less than 1 m/s. Based on the numerical simulation method of computational fluid dynamics, and on the basis of the characteristics of the streets and lanes in the Hanjiang River’s Chuan Dao area, we found that the wind environment is poor in the winter and summer seasons; regarding streets and lanes, we propose three appropriate values, namely building density, building height, and street width. It is suggested that it is appropriate for the building density of the area to be less than 36%, the height of the building to be less than 15 m, and the width of the street to be 6–11 m when the street is open to traffic and 3–6 m when only pedestrians are passing through the area.

A comfortable wind environment favors the sustainable development of urban residential districts and public health. However, the rapid growth of high-rise urban residential districts leads to low wind velocity environments in summer. This study examines the influence of enclosure boundary patterns and lift-up design on the wind environment and proposes an optimization strategy to improve the low wind velocity environment in residential districts in summer. A typical residential district in Hangzhou was selected; the average wind velocity, calm wind zone ratio and comfortable wind zone ratio were selected as the evaluation indexes. The wind environment for different enclosure boundary patterns and lift-up designs were obtained via computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations. The results indicate that the pedestrian wind environment is greatly improved in residential districts by reducing the height/width of the enclosure boundary, increasing the permeability rate and adopting a lift-up design in all buildings within residential districts. A combination of permeable railings and lift-up design is recommended; this can increase the average wind velocity and the ratio of comfortable wind zones by 70% and 200%, respectively. This study provides practical guidelines for the optimization of a low wind velocity environment in Chinese high-density residential districts in summer.

New methods are need to coordinate the conflicting spatial demands through urban design research and strategies from the perspective of multi-scale urban climate analysis. To integrate wind–thermal environment with urban design, we propose three scale levels, namely the district-superblock, superblock-block, and block-building levels, and divide the urban design elements into voids and solids. Thereafter, we establish a multiscale methodological framework in which the urban design contents are clarified by each scale, and the information transmitted between scales is obtained to ensure consistent value propositions and strategic approaches. The microclimate shaping of the urban open space is transformed into guiding strategies and quantitative indicators of the spatial form of the solid space. Information is transmitted between the scales through the wind–thermal indicators of windward side and the morphological indicators of solid space. Subsequently, the methodology was applied to the project in the core area of Suzhou Science and Technology City, and the findings preliminarily verify the effectiveness and feasibility of the methodology. This research influences urban climate studies and urban design practice in three ways: 1) improving understanding of the correlation between scales; 2) facilitating interaction between the two domains; and 3) providing tools for urban design practices.

A thousand-meter-high megatall building, which consists of three tear-drop-shaped towers arranged in an equilateral triangle and a central circular tower, has ten outdoor platforms along the height at an interval of 100 m to connect the four towers. As the pedestrian-level wind environment around the outdoor platforms of high-rise buildings has been less studied for higher incoming wind speeds than those of the ground wind, it is necessary to conduct the related research and evaluations of the pedestrian-level wind environment around outdoor platforms to ensure pedestrian comfort and safety. First, based on the flow field analysis of the megatall building model, potential aerodynamic measures are proposed to improve the pedestrian-level wind environment of outdoor platforms. Then, the wind tunnel test and CFD simulation of outdoor platforms are conducted with five aerodynamic measures, and an averaged adjustment coefficient is put forward to establish the link between the full model and the sub-configuration model for the wind speed amplification factor, Ri, greater than 1.0, so the data obtained from the wind tunnel test can be transformed for further assessment of the pedestrian-level wind environment. Finally, the Lawson criterion was used to quantitatively analyze and compare the effects of five aerodynamic measures to improve the wind environment, thus providing a design that satisfies the requirements of “wind comfort” and “wind safety” for the thousand-meter-high megatall pedestrian platform. This study contributes to the further understanding of pedestrian-level wind environment characteristics of outdoor platforms and the potential aerodynamic measures to improve wind comfort and wind danger.

While the “3D” principles—density, diversity, and design—remain central to Transit-Oriented Development (TOD), their effectiveness in metro station areas is increasingly constrained by the complex interplay of natural and built environmental factors. Among these, wind conditions are critical yet often overlooked. This study proposes a zoning optimization framework based on a dual-dimensional model combining wind speed (aerodynamic force) and the Frontal Area Index (FAI, morphological resistance). Using WRF/CALMET simulations and GIS-based modeling, localized wind data were obtained for 146 metro stations in Nanjing. K-means clustering and spatial autocorrelation analyses identified four representative wind environment types. Key findings: the mean station wind speed is 3.08 m/s—pedestrian-comfortable yet slightly below the city mean—and the mean FAI is 1.01, indicating generally high aerodynamic resistance. About 50% of stations fall within FAI 0.79–1.21; higher FAIs cluster in historic cores, elevated values occur in both flat and hilly terrains via different mechanisms, and lower values appear near large open spaces. Clustering yields four wind-environment types from “low-speed–high-FAI” to “high-speed–low-FAI.” The resulting wind-zoning map provides a robust basis for differentiated zoning and climate-responsive TOD planning.

Wind disturbance is one of the key factors affecting the high-precision pointing of large-aperture radio telescopes. Therefore, it is indispensable to monitor the wind environment of the site. This enables the acquisition of wind environment data, facilitating targeted wind-resistant design to maintain the observational performance of the radio telescope. A 60 m high wind tower is located within the QTT (QiTai Radio Telescope, 110 m) site. This study investigates the wind environment characteristics based on the wind data for the entire year of 2021. The analysis of anomalous data from the wind tower indicates that these are mainly caused by local freezing rain and snow conditions. The temporal variations and vertical distribution characteristics of the wind environment were analyzed. On an annual basis, winds predominantly originate from north–south, while those from east–west are relatively less frequent; 90% of the winds are less than 4 m/s; the maximum recorded wind speed is 22.29 m/s; the prevailing winds are from the SSE (south-southeast) direction. On a monthly basis, the distributions of wind direction and speed exhibit a distinct seasonal cycle, with wind speeds being relatively lower in winter. On a diurnal basis, the wind direction undergoes a reversal, with northerly winds prevailing during the day and southerly winds at night; the diurnal wind speed distribution shows that nocturnal wind speeds are relatively stable and lower. Daily wind speed statistics indicate that there were 79 days on which 90% of wind speeds throughout the day were less than or equal to 2 m/s. Compared to sites of other telescopes of a similar class, the wind environment at the QTT site is relatively favorable.

The “spatial pattern-wind environment-air pollution” within building clusters is closely interconnected, where different spatial pattern parameters may have varying degrees of impact on the wind environment and pollutant dispersion. Due to the complex spatial structure within industrial parks, this complexity may lead to the accumulation and retention of air pollutants within the parks. Therefore, to alleviate the air pollution situation in industrial parks in China and achieve the circular transformation and construction of parks, this study takes Hefei Circular Economy Demonstration Park as the research object. The microscale Fluent model in computational fluid dynamics (CFD) is used to finely simulate the wind flow field and the diffusion process of pollutants within the park. The study analyzes the triad relationship and influence mechanism of “spatial pattern-wind environment-air pollution” within the park and studies the influence of different spatial pattern parameters on the migration and diffusion of pollutants. The results show a significant negative correlation between the content of pollutants and wind speed inside the industrial park. The better the wind conditions, the higher the air quality. The spatial morphology parameters of the building complex are the main influences on the condition of its internal wind environment. Building coverage ratio and degree of enclosure have a significant negative correlation with wind conditions. Maintaining them near 0.23 and 0.37, respectively, is favorable to the quality of the surrounding environment. Moreover, the average height of the building is positively correlated with the wind environment condition. The rate of transport and dissipation of pollutants gradually increases as the average building height reaches 16 m. Therefore, a reasonable building planning strategy and arrangement layout can effectively improve the wind environment condition inside the park, thus alleviating the pollutant retention situation. The obtained results serve as a theoretical foundation for optimizing morphological structure design within urban industrial parks.

Rapid urban developments have resulted in numerous environmental challenges, including severe air quality and heat island effect problems. The construction of urban ventilation corridors provides an effective solution for enhancing air circulation and reducing the heat island effect. The present study focuses on Nanhu District, Jiaxing City, Zhejiang Province, employing Unmanned Aerial Vehicle tilt photography to obtain high-resolution urban remote sensing data and create a three-dimensional digital model of the city. Wind direction and speed over the past decade were analyzed in the proposed study area. Dominant wind directions were identified for both summer and winter seasons to calculate frontal area density under dominant wind directions, while an area growth method was applied with limited direction to determine urban ventilation corridors. The experimental results show two ventilation corridors under the winter-dominant wind direction and four under the summer-dominant wind direction. The results were validated against fieldwork conducted by three urban planning experts, with an error rate of 4.91% and 4.57% on a digital map. Eventually, this study will provide a tangible scientific foundation and technical support for the planning and construction of urban ventilation corridors to mitigate the heat island effect and improve air quality.

Enclosed courtyards with partially ground floor pilotis represent a prevalent architectural spatial configuration in hot-humid regions, where the shaded outdoor areas serve as frequently utilized spaces for heat avoidance and rest. This study employed a combined approach of ENVI-met simulations and field measurements to investigate the wind and thermal environment in the shaded areas of courtyards under 40 different pilotis width configurations. The Comfortable Wind Zone Ratio (CWZR) and Physiological Equivalent Temperature (PET) were used as primary evaluation metrics to systematically investigate the influence of varying inlet/outlet width ratios in building pilotis on the wind-thermal environment within courtyard-shaded zones. The results demonstrate that: (1) Under a fixed outlet size, enlarging the inlet significantly enhances the CWZR in the shaded area, with a 28.66% difference observed between inlet sizes of L/4 and L. In contrast, under a fixed inlet size, expanding the outlet has a negligible effect on CWZR improvement. (2) Under a fixed outlet size, increasing the inlet width substantially reduces PET in the shaded zone, showing a 2.46 °C difference between inlet sizes of L/4 and L. Conversely, under a fixed inlet size, widening the outlet has a minimal impact on PET reduction. (3) A negative correlation exists between CWZR and PET in the shaded area, indicating that an increase in CWZR leads to a decrease in PET values. The findings provide bioclimatically quantified guidelines for the spatial design of courtyard pilotis in hot-humid regions, offering practical insights for optimizing thermal comfort in shaded outdoor environments.

The inadequate consideration of the impact of building morphology on ventilation efficiency in many urban residential areas has resulted in a series of environmental problems that threaten human health. The purpose of this paper is to establish a predictive model between ventilation efficiency and building forms in residential areas. First, the characteristics of the vertical wind profile in residential areas were measured using unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV). Second, the wind speed ratio (WSR) at different height levels under the impact of morphological index (floor area ratio, building density, average building height, enclosure degree, height fall, and maximum building height) in the residential area was simulated by ENVI-met. Two kinds of prediction formulas were finally obtained: (1) the average ventilation efficiency at the pedestrian level and (2) the prediction formula of WSR at different heights. The results show that the wind speed (WS) in residential area below 35 m is about 0.6 m/s lower than that in green park. The numerical simulation shows that the mean WSR at the pedestrian level is negatively correlated with each index, and the height fall morphological index has the largest impact on the WSR at different heights. The research provides a reference for the optimal planning and design of ventilation efficiency of residential buildings, especially those in static wind areas.