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Saving the endangered gray wolf
Readers will learn about the gray wolf and its behaviors, as well as the efforts to bring the wolf back. Highly informative and likely to appeal to animal lovers.
Book
Wolf conflicts
Wolf populations have recently made a comeback in Northern Europe and North America. These large carnivores can cause predictable conflicts by preying on livestock, and competing with hunters for game. But their arrivals often become deeply embedded in more general societal tensions, which arise alongside processes of social change that put considerable pressure on rural communities and on the rural working class in particular. Based on research and case studies conducted in Norway, Wolf Conflicts discusses various aspects of this complex picture, including conflicts over land use and conservation, and more general patterns of hegemony and resistance in modern societies.
eBook
Gray wolves : howling pack mammals
\"Gray wolves are known as howling pack mammals. But how are they similar to and different from other mammals, ranging from coyotes to manatees? Readers will compare and contrast key traits of gray wolves to traits of other mammals.\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
'TL;DR' ? Cognitive Patience as a Mode of Reading: Exploring Concentration and Perseverance
Reading literature is often related to cognitive patience (i.e., the ability to read with focused and sustained attention and delay gratification, while refraining from multitasking or skimming over parts of the text). In this explorative, survey-based study, we investigate the relations between reading literature (especially longer texts) and concentration and perseverance, as well as the role of different modes of reading like skimming and skipping. Our measures include an adapted version of the Author Recognition Test (ART) and a new behavioral measure of cognitive patience, developed specifically for this study: the Unscrambling Sentence Test (UST). Our findings offer some preliminary support for the hypotheses that (1) Attentive reading of longer literary texts correlates with cognitive patience; (2) A preference for texts that require sustained attention correlates with cognitive patience; and (3) A preference to skim or skip text passages negatively predicts cognitive patience. We recommend further research to derive more insight in what modes of attention are employed in reading literature, beyond close or deep attention, and how readers modulate between them. Keywords: attention, concentration, literature, close reading, hyperreading, skimming
Journal Article
Clinician-Based Functional Scoring and Genomic Insights for Prognostic Stratification in Wolf–Hirschhorn Syndrome
Background/Objectives: Wolf–Hirschhorn syndrome (WHS; OMIM #194190) is a rare neurodevelopmental disorder, caused by deletions in the distal short arm of chromosome 4. It is characterized by developmental delay, epilepsy, intellectual disability, and distinctive facial dysmorphism. Clinical presentation varies widely, complicating prognosis and individualized care. Methods: We assembled a cohort of 140 individuals with genetically confirmed WHS from Spain and Latin-America, and developed and validated a multidimensional, Clinician-Reported Outcome Assessment (ClinRO) based on the Global Functional Assessment of the Patient (GFAP), derived from standardized clinical questionnaires and weighted by HPO (Human Phenotype Ontology) term frequencies. The GFAP score quantitatively captures key functional domains in WHS, including neurodevelopment, epilepsy, comorbidities, and age-corrected developmental milestones (selected based on clinical experience and disease burden). Results: Higher GFAP scores are associated with worse clinical outcomes. GFAP showed strong correlations with deletion size, presence of additional genomic rearrangements, sex, and epilepsy severity. Ward’s clustering and discriminant analyses confirmed GFAP’s discriminative power, classifying over 90% of patients into clinically meaningful groups with different prognoses. Conclusions: Our findings support GFAP as a robust, WHS-specific ClinRO that may aid in stratification, prognosis, and clinical management. This tool may also serve future interventional studies as a standardized outcome measure. Beyond its clinical utility, GFAP also revealed substantial social implications. This underscores the broader socioeconomic burden of WHS and the potential value of GFAP in identifying high-support families that may benefit from targeted resources and services.
Journal Article
Tracing Eastern Wolf Origins From Whole-Genome Data in Context of Extensive Hybridization
Abstract
Southeastern Canada is inhabited by an amalgam of hybridizing wolf-like canids, raising fundamental questions regarding their taxonomy, origins, and timing of hybridization events. Eastern wolves (Canis lycaon), specifically, have been the subject of significant controversy, being viewed as either a distinct taxonomic entity of conservation concern or a recent hybrid of coyotes (C. latrans) and grey wolves (C. lupus). Mitochondrial DNA analyses show some evidence of eastern wolves being North American evolved canids. In contrast, nuclear genome studies indicate eastern wolves are best described as a hybrid entity, but with unclear timing of hybridization events. To test hypotheses related to these competing findings we sequenced whole genomes of 25 individuals, representative of extant Canadian wolf-like canid types of known origin and levels of contemporary hybridization. Here we present data describing eastern wolves as a distinct taxonomic entity that evolved separately from grey wolves for the past ∼67,000 years with an admixture event with coyotes ∼37,000 years ago. We show that Great Lakes wolves originated as a product of admixture between grey wolves and eastern wolves after the last glaciation (∼8,000 years ago) while eastern coyotes originated as a product of admixture between “western” coyotes and eastern wolves during the last century. Eastern wolf nuclear genomes appear shaped by historical and contemporary gene flow with grey wolves and coyotes, yet evolutionary uniqueness remains among eastern wolves currently inhabiting a restricted range in southeastern Canada.
Journal Article
Arctic wolf : the high arctic
Introduces readers to the wolverine and shows how they survive in their bone-chilling environment, including how they hunt, stay warm, and raise their babies.
Book
Genomic evidence for the Old divergence of Southern European wolf populations
The grey wolf ( Canis lupus ) is one of the most widely distributed mammals in which a variety of distinct populations have been described. However, given their currently fragmented distribution and recent history of human-induced population decline, little is known about the events that led to their differentiation. Based on the analysis of whole canid genomes, we examined the divergence times between Southern European wolf populations and their ancient demographic history. We found that all present-day Eurasian wolves share a common ancestor ca 36 000 years ago, supporting the hypothesis that all extant wolves derive from a single population that subsequently expanded after the Last Glacial Maximum. We also estimated that the currently isolated European populations of the Iberian Peninsula, Italy and the Dinarics-Balkans diverged very closely in time, ca 10 500 years ago, and maintained negligible gene flow ever since. This indicates that the current genetic and morphological distinctiveness of Iberian and Italian wolves can be attributed to their isolation dating back to the end of the Pleistocene, predating the recent human-induced extinction of wolves in Central Europe by several millennia.
Journal Article