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Word‐level reading skills are foundational to reading comprehension. The correlation between isolated word‐level reading and reading comprehension is quite high. Reading fluency is also highly predictive of reading comprehension. This chapter focuses on the assessment of both isolated word reading and reading fluency. The obvious way to provide a correct response to an unfamiliar word on a word identification task is through phonic decoding. Most word identification tests consist of a graded word list, so any guessing is not based on context. Little needs to be said about the traditional word identification subtests because they are familiar to those doing educational evaluations. These tasks/subtests are standard on almost every achievement battery that assesses reading. One can define at least four functional types of fluency tasks: RAN (digits, letters, objects or colors); word‐level fluency (real words and nonsense words); sentence‐level fluency; and passage‐level fluency.

Objective: To assess visual search and recognition of roadside targets and safety errors during a landmark and traffic sign identification task in drivers with Alzheimer’s disease. Methods: 33 drivers with probable Alzheimer’s disease of mild severity and 137 neurologically normal older adults underwent a battery of visual and cognitive tests and were asked to report detection of specific landmarks and traffic signs along a segment of an experimental drive. Results: The drivers with mild Alzheimer’s disease identified significantly fewer landmarks and traffic signs and made more at-fault safety errors during the task than control subjects. Roadside target identification performance and safety errors were predicted by scores on standardised tests of visual and cognitive function. Conclusions: Drivers with Alzheimer’s disease are impaired in a task of visual search and recognition of roadside targets; the demands of these targets on visual perception, attention, executive functions, and memory probably increase the cognitive load, worsening driving safety.