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This review assessed the molecular characterization of the methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)-ST80 clone with an emphasis on its proportion of total MRSA strains isolated, PVL production, spa-typing, antibiotic resistance, and virulence. A systematic review of the literature was conducted on MRSA-ST80 clone published between 1 January 2000 and 31 August 2019. Citations were chosen for a review of the full text if we found evidence that MRSA-ST80 clone was reported in the study. For each isolate, the country of isolation, the sampling period, the source of isolation (the type of infection, nasal swabs, or extra-human), the total number of MRSA strains isolated, number of MRSA-ST80 strains, antibiotic resistance patterns, PVL production, virulence genes, and spa type were recorded. The data from 103 articles were abstracted into an Excel database. Analysis of the data showed that the overall proportion of MRSA-ST80 has been decreasing in many countries in recent years. The majority of MRSA-ST80 were PVL positive with spa-type t044. Only six reports of MRSA-ST80 in extra-human niches were found. This review summarizes the rise of MRSA-ST80 and the evidence that suggests that it could be in decline in many countries.

Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to explore empirically the complexities of e-government implementation and diffusion from a developing country perspective. Design/methodology/approach - An empirical case study using an interview-based research agenda is adopted. After reviewing the extant literature on e-government, the paper first proposes a conceptual model, which is consequently used to explore empirically, within the State of Qatar, the key challenges influencing e-government implementation and diffusion from organisational, technological, social and political perspectives. Findings - The conceptual model proposed in this study offers a comprehensive overview of the implementation and diffusion challenges of e-government through identifying various factors associated with organisational, technological, social and political perspectives from the literature. Through adopting an empirical research strategy focusing on developing countries that are not in an advanced state of e-government development, this study offers a holistic view in understanding e-government implementation and diffusion complexities for the benefit of similar countries. Research limitations/implications - This research only focuses on exploring empirically the implementation and diffusion challenges facing e-government in one developing country and does not investigate how these challenges may influence citizens' adoption of these services in that country or in a wider context. Practical implications - The conceptual model in this study offers practitioners, policy makers and researchers a comprehensive overview of the implementation and diffusion challenges of e-government projects, particularly in developing countries. The key findings of this study show that, irrespective of strong financial support and resources, governments must be prepared to tackle a number of challenges related to the complexity of e-government implementation and diffusion. In addition, the study indicates that better alignment of national ICT strategies with various local level e-government projects, clear legislation, implementation guidelines and standards are imperative for e-government success. Originality/value - The core contribution of this research adds to the growing body of knowledge concerning the implementation and diffusion of e-government in developing countries. In particular, the conceptual model formulated through the synthesis of extant literature offers researchers and practitioners a lens to better appreciate the key challenges that require consideration when implementing and diffusing e-government. [PUBLICATION ABSTRACT]

Purpose - Viewing the blog technology as an integral part of the current social-technical environment, this research aims to investigate whether the main influences on message diffusion within a blog community originate from external mass media channels or internal interpersonal communication channels.Design methodology approach - The authors employed the innovation-diffusion model and the OLS estimating method to study message diffusion of two documentary films on the Wretch, the largest blog community in Taiwan.Findings - The results indicate that the mass media is the main source of message diffusion and that the internal communication power may increase as the opinion leader promotes these messages.Research limitations implications - Other factors that may influence message diffusion such as topic, design characteristics, and the existing social network have not been included.Practical implications - For practice, the result indicates that the mass media and the blog might complement each other.Originality value - This research is one of the first that attempts to apply the innovation-diffusion model to analyze message diffusion within the blog community.

Recent curriculum development projects have introduced geographers to the theory and practice of online instruction. One of these projects, the Virtual Geography Department (VGD) at the University of Texas at Austin, seeks to promote the development of high-quality instructional materials on the Web. Twenty-nine participants in the VGD project were interviewed for the purpose of learning what effects the VGD had on their educational practice. The results show that the VGD is diffusing innovative practice in geography by training faculty members in Web pedagogy and online curriculum development.

The purpose of this paper is to study the implementation of a learning content management system (LCMS) at one department of a university in light of Rogers' diffusion of innovation (DOI) theory and in comparison to known critical success factors (CSFs) in implementation of information systems. A case study approach was used to examine the implementation process. Under authority decision to adopt the system throughout the department, the diffusion was quick and without resistance, not in line with authority adoption decision in Rogers' DOI theory. Some of the CSFs found are consistent with implementation CSFs mentioned in the literature. To complement the qualitative research, quantitative research is needed regarding administrative measures taken in implementation processes at other academic departments and the success in terms of system adoption. Successful LCMS implementation in an academic environment is rather rare and studying the successful authority decision in this case is of value to researchers and to practitioners.