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This edited volume explores the conflicting ways in which the AmericanVietnamese War has been collectively remembered and represented from the perspective of the war's three primary belligerents: the Vietnamese communists, the South Vietnamese, and the Americans. The book examines how the three different collectives memorialize this traumatizing historical event. Within each of these three groups there exists a number of competing narratives, generating not only a sense of shared meaning and community, but also impassioned social conflict. In order to trace these narratives within each collectivity, the authors develop the concept of arenas of memory, distinct discourses that are tied to specific individuals, organizations, and institutions that advocate distinctive narratives through various forms of media. Their analysis leads them to make the case as to whether each of these societies experienced a cultural trauma as a result of the way in which the war is remembered.

Vietnam, A War, Not a Country explores the conflicting ways in which the American-Vietnamese War has been collectively remembered and represented from the perspective of the war's three primary belligerents: the Vietnamese communists, the South Vietnamese, and the Americans. The book examines how the three different collectives memorialize this traumatizing historical event. Within each of these three groups there exists a number of competing narratives, generating not only a sense of shared meaning and community, but also impassioned social conflict. In order to trace these narratives within each collectivity, the authors develop the concept of arenas of memory, distinct discourses that are tied to specific individuals, organizations, and institutions that advocate specific narratives through specific forms of media. Their analysis leads them to make the case as to whether each of these societies experienced a cultural trauma as a result of the way in which the war is remembered.

The focus of the article concerns two personal letters written by a British woman, Joan Burnett Knight to her parents in 1951 when she was recruited to the post of physical education organizer in the British Families Education Service (BFES) in the West German zone following the end of World War Two. The article makes a methodological contribution by applying an analytic strategy to the interpretation of the letters based on drawing on the work of STANLEY (2004, 2017). This strategy includes a brief biography of the writer and an outline of the historical context. The pretext for the letters is examined followed by a textual analysis in which attention is paid to the letters' content and narrative form. In interpreting the evidence, a narrative approach is employed, drawing on the concepts of family practices, social positionings and dialogical practices. In this analysis, I illuminate and give meaning to the lived experience of a particular case situated in a specific place and time.

This paper presents the results of urban studies of the New and Old Market Square in Lodz, Poland. The research concerns the historical center, which suffered considerable destruction during World War II, also documenting the boundaries of the destroyed Litzmannstadt Jewish Ghetto. This destruction and subsequent processes of not necessarily successful rebuilding contributed to the loss of urban and architectural heritage. The paper presents rarely available source materials, from the 19th century, through the 20th century to the present. It uses the analytical and application method for comparing site history layers and records designed for the area. Results illustrate the resilience of the city to crisis situations, through the rebirth of its spatial structure, still on a similar warp, referring to the original layout. Elements of memory and identity have been applied to contemporary projects to revitalise the historic centre as part of the redevelopment of Staromiejski Park. The method may serve as an example of how to analyse areas undergoing processes of deterioration in order to carefully direct repair measures. The proposed juxtaposition of the city's urban layers makes it possible to document and analyse processes, highlight surviving places of identity and create guidelines for further applications.

This illuminating study describes the genesis of the contemporary doctrine of humanitarian intervention. It is the first comprehensive analysis of Western policy towards the Balkans from the late 1980s on. Previous works have often taken partisan approaches focusing on isolated events rather than the multifaceted conflict of which such events were a part. Though scholarly, the book will also appeal to a wider audience interested in world affairs.

Sorge's activities between 1930 and 1942 have tended to be lauded as those of a superlative human intelligence operator and the Soviet Union's GRU (Soviet military intelligence unit) as the optimum of spy-masters.

This paper focuses on events linked to controlled underwater explosions of World War 2 (WW2) ordnances which were included in the Reviewed Event Bulletin (REB). Data used for the study were provided by seismic stations of the International Monitoring System (IMS) in 2020. Examined events were triggered by devices of different charge size and took place in several locations in Europe. There were also other, previously detected WW2 ordnance underwater explosions which could be compared to events in 2020. It is shown that these relatively small underwater explosions listed in the REB, with good coupling to the ground, are located by the IMS network within 20 km from the ground truth. Charge size of explosive material was related to event magnitude. Results were compared to magnitudes published for underwater explosions of larger sizes. The conclusion is that an in-water explosion will result in seismic waves with amplitudes equivalent to the amplitudes of seismic waves from an in-ground explosion with 17.2 times the yield in kT.

In the first two decades of the Cold War, Australia fought in three conflicts and prepared to fight in a possible wider conflagration in Southeast Asia and the Pacific. In Korea, Malaya and Borneo, Australian forces encountered new types of warfare, integrated new equipment and ideas, and were part of the longest continual overseas deployments in Australia's history. Working closely with its allies, Australia also trained for a large conventional war in Southeast Asia, while a significant percentage of the defence force guarded the Papua New Guinea-Indonesian border. At home, the Defence organisation grappled with new threats and military expansion, while the Australian Security Intelligence Organisation defended the nation from domestic and foreign threats. This book examines this crucial part of Australia's security history, so often overlooked as merely a precursor to the Vietnam War. It addresses key questions such as how did Australia achieve its security goals at home and in the region in this new Cold War environment? What were the experiences of the services, units and individuals serving in Southeast Asia? How did this period shape Australia's defence for years to come?

The US monopoly of information regarding nuclear weapons was one of the distinctive features of the early Cold War. It encouraged US officials to bolster their country’s hegemonic role in post-war affairs, something that scholars have previously referred to in terms of “atomic diplomacy.” This paper shows that Cold War atomic diplomacy originated in an ancestral form of what we call today “science diplomacy,” distinctive of wartime allied relations during WW2. It first explores how science became a distinctive feature of wartime diplomacy by looking at agreements regarding exchanges of information and collaboration that shaped the relations between wartime allies (US, UK, and the Soviet Union). It then shows that their signing (and, at times, their rejection) eventually paved the way to conflicting views within allied administrations on what to share, making their officials less inclined to pool more knowledge toward the end of WW2. In conclusion, US monopolistic stances and atomic diplomacy originated in these disagreements, also marking the demise of wartime science diplomacy.

In 1940, with the fall of France imminent, Britain prepared secret 'Auxiliary Units' tasked with guerrilla activities [Scallywagging] in the invading army's rear. Patrols of four to eight highly skilled men used below-ground Operational Bases (OBs) in remote locations to avoid detection. No official records are released, but OBs were 'Mark I', enlarged deer setts, smuggler caves, etc., and Mark II, prefabricated designs by the Royal Engineers. This paper details three sites in Suffolk: one unknown Mark I was destroyed, a Mark II was partially intact and a Mark II was fully intact, all in secluded woods. Geophysical surveys found metal detectors optimal for location, with mid-frequency GPR/ERT optimal for characterisation. Archaeological finds included home-made braziers, 1940 kerosene heater stove, metal pans, ventilation systems and escape tunnels. This study shows OBs varied in construction and condition, with surveys detecting and characterising them, bringing WWII British 'invasion' history into the wider scientific community and public domain.