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Novel cyano-benzylidene xanthene derivatives were synthesized using one-pot and condensation reactions. A diprotic Brønsted acid (i.e., oxalic acid) was used as an effective catalyst for the promotion of the synthesis process of the new starting xanthene–aldehyde compound. Different xanthene concentrations (ca. 0.1–2.0 mM) were applied as corrosion inhibitors to control the alkaline uniform corrosion of aluminum. Measurements were conducted in 1.0 M NaOH solution using Tafel extrapolation and linear polarization resistance (LPR) methods. The investigated xanthenes acted as mixed-type inhibitors that primarily affect the anodic process. Their inhibition efficiency values were enhanced with inhibitor concentration, and varied according to their chemical structures. At a concentration of 2.0 mM, the best-performing studied xanthene derivative recorded maximum inhibition efficiency values of 98.9% (calculated via the Tafel extrapolation method) and 98.4% (estimated via the LPR method). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to examine the morphology of the corroded and inhibited aluminum surfaces, revealing strong inhibitory action of each studied compound. High-resolution X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) profiles validated the inhibitor compounds’ adsorption on the Al surface. Density functional theory (DFT) and Monte Carlo simulations were applied to investigate the distinction of the anticorrosive behavior among the studied xanthenes toward the Al (111) surface. The non-planarity of xanthenes and the presence of the nitrile group were the key players in the adsorption process. A match between the experimental and theoretical findings was evidenced.

The growth of the environment depends upon developing greener and ecological methods for managing pollutants and contamination from industrial wastewater, which causes significant effects on human health. The removal of these pollutants from wastewater using nanomaterials covers an ecological method that is free from expensive and secondary pollution. In this report, we developed magnetic iron nanoparticles from Chenopodium glaucum (CG), which showed excellent adsorption capacity at pH 5 for selective Hg2+ and Pb2+ metal ions among various heavy metal ions, with maximum adsorption capacities of 96.9 and 94.1%, respectively. These metals’ adsorption process conforms to the Langmuir model, which suggests that monolayer adsorption transpires on CG–Fe2O3 nanoparticles. CG–Fe2O3 nanoparticles also act as an efficient and recyclable heterogeneous catalyst for one-pot synthesis of xanthene derivatives, yielding products with high yields (up to 97%) and excellent purity (crystalline form) within a short timeframe (6 min) using microwave irradiations (at 120 W).

Mangiferin (MGF), the predominant constituent of extracts of the mango plant Mangifera Indica L., has been investigated extensively because of its remarkable pharmacological effects. In vitro recombinant UGTs-catalyzed glucuronidation of 4-methylumbelliferone (4-MU) was used to investigate the inhibition of mangiferin and aglycone norathyriol towards various isoforms of UGTs in our study, which evaluated the inhibitory capacity of MGF and its aglycone norathyriol (NTR) towards UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) isoforms. Initial screening experiment showed that deglycosylation of MGF into NTR strongly increased the inhibitory effects towards almost all the tested UGT isoforms at a concentration of 100 μM. Kinetic experiments were performed to further characterize the inhibition of UGT1A3, UGT1A7 and UGT1A9 by NTR. NTR competitively inhibited UGT1A3, UGT1A7 and UGT1A9, with an IC50 value of 8.2, 4.4, and 12.3 μM, and a Ki value of 1.6, 2.0, and 2.8 μM, respectively. In silico docking showed that only NTR could dock into the activity cavity of UGT1A3, UGT1A7 and UGT1A9. The binding free energy of NTR to UGT1A3, 1A7, 1A9 were −7.4, −7.9 and −4.0 kcal/mol, respectively. Based on the inhibition evaluation standard ([I]/Ki < 0.1, low possibility; 0.1 < [I]/Ki < 1, medium possibility; [I]/Ki > 1, high possibility), an in vivo herb–drug interaction between MGF/NTR and drugs mainly undergoing UGT1A3-, UGT1A7- or UGT1A9-catalyzed metabolism might occur when the plasma concentration of NTR is above 1.6, 2.0 and 2.8 μM, respectively.

From an environmental and economic point of view, we focused on the preparation of simple catalysts with many advantages such as simple isolation, easy preparation, high stability, and well catalytic activity. Here, we prepared MCM-41-coated NiFe 2 O 4 magnetic nanoparticles and modified their surface with phosphotungstic acid (PWA) and then sulfate. We tested the catalysts’ efficiency and reusability toward the formation of xanthene and coumarin derivatives. The prepared magnetic nanoparticles were found to be easily recovered from the reaction mixture and reused up to several runs without a noticeable decrease in the catalytic activity. The samples have been characterized by SEM, TEM, FTIR, XRD, VSM, and XPS. XPS indicated the presence of the inverse-cubic spinel phase of NiFe 2 O 4 and the contribution of Fe(III)–O and Ni(II)–O bonds in tetrahedral (T h ) and octahedral (O h ) sites. The results indicated the good dispersion of sulfate and PWA nanoparticles on the surface and inside the pores of NF-MCM-41 which play an important role in increasing the acidity and activity of the catalyst toward the synthesis of xanthene and coumarin derivatives. The catalyst 20S-W/NF-MCM-41-II reveals the highest acidity ( E i  = 586.3 mV) and yields 93.92% 14-aryl-14H-dibenzo[a, j]xanthene and 78.32% 7-hydroxy-4-methyl coumarin. Graphical abstract Highlights Sulfated phosphotungstic acid supported on MCM-41-coated NiFe 2 O 4 magnetic nanoparticles has been successfully synthesized. The MNPs have been used in the synthesis of 14-aryl-14H-dibenzo[a,j]xanthene and 7-hydroxy-4-methyl coumarin. The catalyst 20S-W/NF-MCM-41-II reveals the highest acidity ( E i  = 586.3 mV) and the best catalytic activity in the two reactions. The prepared magnetic nanoparticles were found to be easily recovered and reused many times.

Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) has been shown as a promising technique to inactivate foodborne bacteria, without inducing the development of bacterial resistance. Knowing that addition of inorganic salts, such as potassium iodide (KI), can modulate the photodynamic action of the photosensitizer (PS), we report in this study the antimicrobial effect of eosin (EOS) and rose bengal (RB) combined with KI against Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium and Staphylococcus aureus. Additionally, the possible development of bacterial resistance after this combined aPDT protocol was evaluated. The combination of EOS or RB, at all tested concentrations, with KI at 100 mM, was able to efficiently inactivate S. Typhimurium and S. aureus. This combined approach allows a reduction in the PS concentration up to 1000 times, even against one of the most common foodborne pathogenics, S. Typhimurium, a gram-negative bacterium which is not so prone to inactivation with xanthene dyes when used alone. The photoinactivation of S. Typhimurium and S. aureus by both xanthenes with KI did not induce the development of resistance. The low price of the xanthene dyes, the non-toxic nature of KI, and the possibility of reducing the PS concentration show that this technology has potential to be easily transposed to the food industry.

This research was designed to investigate the metabolite profiling, phenolics, and flavonoids content as well as the potential antioxidant and antibacterial, properties of orange-yellow resin from Zuccagnia punctata Cav (ZpRe). Metabolite profiling was obtained by a ultrahigh resolution liquid chromatography orbitrap MS analysis (UHPLC-ESI-OT-MS-MS). The antioxidant properties were screened by four methods: 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl assay (DPPH), trolox equivalent antioxidant activity assay (TEAC), ferric-reducing antioxidant power assay (FRAP), and lipid peroxidation in erythrocytes (LP)). The antibacterial activity was evaluated according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) rules. The resin displayed a strong DPPH scavenging activity (IC50 = 25.72 µg/mL) and showed a percentage of inhibition of LP close to that of the reference compound catechin (70% at 100 µg ZpRe/mL), while a moderated effect was observed in the FRAP and TEAC assays. The resin showed a content of phenolic and flavonoid compounds of 391 mg GAE/g and 313 mg EQ/g respectively. Fifty phenolics compounds were identified by ultrahigh resolution liquid chromatography orbitrap MS analysis (UHPLC-PDA-OT-MS) analysis. Thirty-one compounds are reported for the first time, updating the knowledge on the chemical profile of this species. The importance of the biomolecules identified support traditional use of this endemic plant. Furthermore, additional pharmacological data is presented that increase the potential interest of this plant for industrial sustainable applications.

A family of bifunctional dihetarylmethanes and dibenzoxanthenes is assembled via a reaction of acetals containing a 2-chloroacetamide moiety with phenols and related oxygen-containing heterocycles. These compounds demonstrated selective antitumor activity associated with the induction of cell apoptosis and inhibition of the process of glycolysis. In particular, bis(heteroaryl)methane containing two 4-hydroxy-6-methyl-2H-pyran-2-one moieties combine excellent in vitro antitumor efficacy with an IC50 of 1.7 µM in HuTu-80 human duodenal adenocarcinoma models with a high selectivity index of 73. Overall, this work highlights the therapeutic potential of dimeric compounds assembled from functionalized acetals and builds a starting point for the development of a new family of anticancer agents.

This study presents one-pot multicomponent preparation of 1,8-dioxo-octahydroxanthene derivatives under very mild conditions using cobalt-incorporated sulfated zirconia (ZrO2/SO42−/Co) as an efficient heterogeneous recyclable multifunctional nanocatalyst. The nanocatalyst was successfully characterized by FTIR, XRD, TGA, FE-SEM, TEM, ICP, and EDX analyses. The nanoparticles have a mean size of 13 nm, with a combination of the monoclinic-tetragonal crystal structure. A wide scope of aldehydes bearing different functional groups was condensed with dimedone and/or 1,3-cyclohexadione in water at room temperature with good-to-high yields at short reaction times. The catalyst can be efficiently recovered and reused several times without much loss of its activity. Besides, hot filtration test gives more insight into the heterogeneous nature of the catalyst. Finally, a plausible mechanism for this transformation was proposed.

LaCl3/ClCH2COOH was used as an efficient, and recyclable catalytic system for synthesis of 11H-benzo[a]xanthene-11-one, hexahydro-1H-xanthene- 1,8(2H)-dione and 11-aryl-10H-diindeno[1,2-b:2?,1?-e]pyran-10,12(11H)-dione derivatives via a one-pot three-component reaction of aldehydes, 2-naphthol, and cyclic 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds. The reactions proceeded rapidly at 70?C under solvent-free conditions and the desired products were obtained in good to excellent yields. nema