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Xenophobia, nativism and Pan-Africanism in 21st century Africa : history, concepts, practice and case study
This edited volume systematically analyzes the connection between xenophobia, nativism, and Pan-Africanism. It situates attacks on black Africans by fellow black Africans within the context of ideals such as Pan-Africanism and Ubuntu, which emphasize unity. The book straddles a range of social science perspectives to explain why attacks on foreign nationals in Africa usually entail attacks on black foreign nationals. Written by an international and interdisciplinary team of scholars, the book is divided into four sections that each explain a different facet of this complicated relationship. Section One discusses the history of colonialism and apartheid and their relationship to xenophobia. Section Two critically evaluates Pan-Africanism as a concept and as a practice in 21st century Africa. Section Three presents case studies on xenophobia in contemporary Africa. Section Four similarly discusses cases of nativism. Addressing a complex issue in contemporary African politics, this volume will be of use to students and scholars interested in African studies, African politics, human rights, migration, history, law, and development economics.
BOOK
Essays in Political Economy and Behavioral Economics
This thesis uncovers and studies determinants of economic decision making and political attitudes that have so far received little attention in economics. It focuses on three factors - social image concerns, moral values and sexual competition - all of which are shown to be relevant for the functioning of communities. The first chapter studies whether public shaming played a role in men's decision to join the British Army during World War I by exploiting a natural experiment. At the beginning of the war, young girls would hand out white feathers to men not in uniform in an attempt to shame them as cowards. The chapter shows that this shaming strategy had an effect on recruitment numbers suggesting that social image concerns can induce costly altruistic behavior that benefits the group. Whereas the first chapter studies a factor inducing cooperation in societies, the second and the third chapter look at two different factors which can explain social and political disagreement. The second chapter explores how moral values shape beliefs about facts based on results from an online experiment. It shows how the salience of the moral dimension of a political debate increases polarization in beliefs between people on the left and the right of the political spectrum. The third chapter looks at the consequences a skewed sex ratio can have on the political preferences and xenophobic attitudes of young men. We hypothesize that in environments where male-male competition for female partners is high, the frustration from being single and concerns about status and male identity are more severe and can foster out-group hatred. Using observational data for Germany, this chapter provides evidence that in areas which have a significant surplus of men people are more likely to hold xenophobic attitudes and vote for right-wing extremist parties.
Dissertation
Importing care, faithful service : Filipino and Indian American nurses at a veteran's hospital
\"Every year thousands of foreign-born Filipino and Indian nurses immigrate to the United States. Despite being well trained and desperately needed, they enter the country at a time, not unlike the past, when the American social and political climate is once again increasingly unwelcoming to them as immigrants. Drawing on rich ethnographic and survey data, collected over a four-year period, this study explores the role Catholicism plays in shaping the professional and community lives of foreign-born Filipino and Indian American nurses in the face of these challenges, while working at a Veterans hospital. Their stories provide unique insights into the often-unseen roles race, religion and gender play in the daily lives of new immigrants employed in American healthcare. In many ways, these nurses find themselves foreign in more ways than just their nativity. Seeing nursing as a religious calling, they care for their patients, both at the hospital and in the wider community, with a sense of divine purpose but must also confront the cultural tensions and disconnects between how they were raised and trained in another country and the legal separation of church and state. How they cope with and engage these tensions and disconnects plays an important role in not only shaping how they see themselves as Catholic nurses but their place in the new American story\"-- Provided by publisher.
BOOK
Trump's flawed Rose Garden assault on Joe Biden
President Trump zeroed in on his likely 2020 competitor former vice president Joe Biden during a lengthy media event on July 14.
Streaming Video
Study for obedience
\"A woman moves from the place of her birth to a remote northern country to be housekeeper to her brother, whose wife has just left him. The youngest child of many siblings--more than she cares to remember --from earliest childhood she has attended to their every desire, smoothed away the slightest discomfort with perfect obedience, with the highest degree of devotion. Soon after she arrives, a series of unfortunate events occurs--collective bovine hysteria; the demise of a ewe and her nearly-born lamb; a local dog's phantom pregnancy; a potato blight. She notices that the local suspicion about incomers in general seems to be directed particularly in her case. What is clear is that she is being accused of wrongdoing, but in a language she cannot understand and so cannot address. And however diligently and silently she toils in service of the community, still she feels their hostility growing, pressing at the edges of her brother's property. And inside the house, although she tends to her brother and his home with the utmost care and attention, he too begins to fall ill...\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
Fear of Ebola: The Influence of Collectivism on Xenophobic Threat Responses
In response to the Ebola scare in 2014, many people evinced strong fear and xenophobia. The present study, informed by the pathogen-prevalence hypothesis, tested the influence of individualism and collectivism on xenophobic response to the threat of Ebola. A nationally representative sample of 1,000 Americans completed a survey, indicating their perceptions of their vulnerability to Ebola, ability to protect themselves from Ebola (protection efficacy), and xenophobic tendencies. Overall, the more vulnerable people felt, the more they exhibited xenophobic responses, but this relationship was moderated by individualism and collectivism. The increase in xenophobia associated with increased vulnerability was especially pronounced among people with high individualism scores and those with low collectivism scores. These relationships were mediated by protection efficacy. State-level collectivism had the same moderating effect on the association between perceived vulnerability and xenophobia that individual-level value orientation did. Collectivism—and the set of practices and rituals associated with collectivistic cultures—may serve as psychological protection against the threat of disease.
Journal Article
Du symbolisme au neo-classicisme, de l'anarchisme a l'extreme droite le double revirement de Camille Mauclair
The trajectory of the writer and critic Camille Mauclair (1872-1945) was marked by two ruptures: having begun his career within the internationalized avant-gardes, oriented toward Symbolism and Anarchism, he moved away from these circles at the turn of the century. Indeed, the crisis that Symbolism and Anarchism underwent during these years led Mauclair toward Neo-Classicism. To his new esthetic vision was added, during the Great War, a nationalist positioning that led him to virulent xenophobia in the interwar period. Foreign artists were henceforth denounced by Mauclair as being the cause of France's so-called cultural decadence. The turnaround in Mauclair's esthetic and political vision reflects the \"return to order\" tendencies that grew stronger in French culture from the end of the nineteenth century, attaining their summit during World War II. The propagation of these tendencies was largely due to the influence that the esthetic and ideological reflections of Charles Maurras exerted in intellectual circles.
Journal Article
Historical linkages: epidemic threat, economic risk, and xenophobia
In the eyes of colonial health officials and the drafters of the first International Sanitary Conventions, the spread of cholera and plague was an economic, epidemic, and political risk to the long-term stability of the global economy. The particular anxieties over the threat of plague being spread by the free travel of colonised populations drove the colonial administrators in Ceylon (now Sri Lanka) to prophesise the potential collapse of the tea industry—and by extension their entire colony. Because trade with Europe was so crucial to the colony, in the late 19th century the colonial administrators endeavoured to sacrifice all trade with India rather than risk the threat of plague arriving with migrant workers from the subcontinent. In one letter between colonial administrators, it was suggested, in a derogatory way, that if even a single person from India or east Asia entered Ceylon without being exposed to sanitary surveillance “there would have been great peril to the Colony for these Coolies being free immediately on landing (in Ceylon) to spread over the island would scatter the seeds of disease as they went”. In a 1945 report accompanying the resolution that ultimately heralded US support for WHO, it stated that: “Particularly in our shrinking world, the spread of disease via airplane or other swift transport across national boundaries gives rise to ever present danger. [...]to protect ourselves that we must help wipe out disease everywhere…
Journal Article