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Population immunity to clade 2.3.4.4b H5N1 is dominated by anti-neuraminidase antibodies
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Population immunity to clade 2.3.4.4b H5N1 is dominated by anti-neuraminidase antibodies
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Journal Article
Population immunity to clade 2.3.4.4b H5N1 is dominated by anti-neuraminidase antibodies
2026
Overview
Understanding how pre-existing human immunity shapes susceptibility to emerging influenza viruses is central to pandemic preparedness. Here, we determined that human sera contain widespread, functional antibodies targeting H5N1 neuraminidase, which correlate with virus neutralization, whereas HA-directed responses are limited. We further show that acquisition of an NA glycosylation site reduces antibody inhibition, highlighting a potential pathway for immune evasion. These results identify neuraminidase-specific immunity as a major immunological barrier to severe H5N1 disease in humans and emphasize the need to incorporate NA antigenicity into influenza surveillance, risk assessment, and next-generation vaccine design.
Publisher
American Society for Microbiology,American Society for Microbiology (ASM)
Subject
/ Antibodies, Neutralizing - blood
/ Antibodies, Neutralizing - immunology
/ Antibodies, Viral - immunology
/ B3.13
/ Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases
/ D1.1
/ Genetic Exchange in Rna Viruses
/ H5N1
/ H5N5
/ Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus - immunology
/ Humans
/ Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype - classification
/ Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype - genetics
/ Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype - immunology
/ Influenza, Human - immunology
/ Microbial Pathogenesis and Immunology
/ Reassortment and Genetic Exchange
/ Virology
