Paper

Dynamical Accretion Flows -- ALMAGAL: Flows along filamentary structures in high-mass star-forming clusters

Walker, D L, Beuther, H, Testi, L, Avison, A, Schilke, P, Möller, T, Molinari, S, Merello, M, Zinnecker, H, Rigby, A J, Elia, D, Law, C Y, Moscadelli, L, Soler, J D, Coletta, A, Sánchez-Monge, Á, Pezzuto, S, Jones, B, Benedettini, M, Schisano, E, Brogan, C L, Fontani, F, Lis, D C, Liu, T, Kuiper, R, Fuller, G A, van der Tak, F, Syed, J, Scheuck, M B, Klessen, R S, Sanhueza, P, Tang, Y, Wells, M R A, P Ho, Koch, P, Wyrowski, F, Traficante, A, Bally, J, Zhang, Q, Battersby, C, Walch, S, Klaassen, P D, Beltrán, M T, Ahmadi, A, Clarke, S D, Wallace, J, Mininni, C, Maruccia, Y, Rygl, K L J, Gieser, C

2024

Overview

We use data from the ALMA Evolutionary Study of High Mass Protocluster Formation in the Galaxy (ALMAGAL) survey to study 100 ALMAGAL regions at \\(\\sim\\) 1 arsecond resolution located between \\(\\sim\\) 2 and 6 kpc distance. Using ALMAGAL \\(\\sim\\) 1.3mm line and continuum data we estimate flow rates onto individual cores. We focus specifically on flow rates along filamentary structures associated with these cores. Our primary analysis is centered around position velocity cuts in H\\(_2\\)CO (3\\(_{0,3}\\) - 2\\(_{0,2}\\)) which allow us to measure the velocity fields, surrounding these cores. Combining this work with column density estimates we derive the flow rates along the extended filamentary structures associated with cores in these regions. We select a sample of 100 ALMAGAL regions covering four evolutionary stages from quiescent to protostellar, Young Stellar Objects (YSOs), and HII regions (25 each). Using dendrogram and line analysis, we identify a final sample of 182 cores in 87 regions. In this paper, we present 728 flow rates for our sample (4 per core), analysed in the context of evolutionary stage, distance from the core, and core mass. On average, for the whole sample, we derive flow rates on the order of \\(\\sim\\)10\\(^{-4}\\) M\\(_{sun}\\)yr\\(^{-1}\\) with estimated uncertainties of \\(\\pm\\)50%. We see increasing differences in the values among evolutionary stages, most notably between the less evolved (quiescent/protostellar) and more evolved (YSO/HII region) sources. We also see an increasing trend as we move further away from the centre of these cores. We also find a clear relationship between the flow rates and core masses \\(\\sim\\)M\\(^{2/3}\\) which is in line with the result expected from the tidal-lobe accretion mechanism. Overall, we see increasing trends in the relationships between the flow rate and the three investigated parameters; evolutionary stage, distance from the core, and core mass.

• Publisher: Cornell University Library, arXiv.org
• Subject: Flow velocity / Massive stars / Position measurement / Protostars / Star clusters / Star formation / Stellar evolution / Velocity distribution