Journal Article

Belowground Herbivory and Plant Defenses

Dam, Nicole M. van

2009

Overview

Belowground-feeding herbivores may be very destructive to plants. Roots are known to produce various defense compounds to protect themselves against these herbivores, both with direct and indirect—inducible—defense compounds. Recent literature reviews reveal no overall pattern for root-shoot defense allocation. Optimal defense allocation patterns within roots may be predicted with an ecophysiological model taking into account the value and vulnerability of root classes. Induced responses elicited by root herbivores are likely to result in systemic responses in the shoots. These systemic responses may affect aboveground herbivores and higher trophic levels. This calls into question whether root-to-shoot systemic induction is an adaptive response. Physiological responses conferring tolerance may co-occur with resistance reponses, depending on the biotic and abiotic environment of the roots. More detailed analyses of root defenses and the feeding sites of herbivores are needed to gain a better understanding of optimal defense allocation in roots.

• Publisher: Annual Reviews,Annual Reviews, Inc
• Subject: Allocations / Animal and plant ecology / Animal, plant and microbial ecology / Autoecology / Biological and medical sciences / chemical ecology / Dams / Flowers & plants / Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology / General aspects / Glucosinolates / Herbivores / Herbivory / literature reviews / Nematodes / Pathogens / pest resistance / Physiological responses / Phytophagous insects / Plant ecology / Plant interaction / plant pests / plant physiology / Plant roots / Plants / Plants and fungi / resistance mechanisms / Roots / Trophic levels