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Spatial population genetics in heavily managed species: Separating patterns of historical translocation from contemporary gene flow in white-tailed deer
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Spatial population genetics in heavily managed species: Separating patterns of historical translocation from contemporary gene flow in white-tailed deer
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Spatial population genetics in heavily managed species: Separating patterns of historical translocation from contemporary gene flow in white-tailed deer
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Paper
Spatial population genetics in heavily managed species: Separating patterns of historical translocation from contemporary gene flow in white-tailed deer
2021
Overview
ABSTRACT Approximately 100 years ago, unregulated harvest nearly eliminated white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) from eastern North America, which subsequently served to catalyze wildlife management as a national priority. An extensive stock-replenishment effort soon followed, with deer broadly translocated among states as a means of re-establishment. However, an unintended consequence was that natural patterns of gene flow became obscured and pre-translocation signatures of population structure were replaced. We applied cutting-edge molecular and biogeographic tools to disentangle genetic signatures of historical management from those reflecting spatially heterogeneous dispersal by evaluating 35,099 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) derived via reduced-representation genomic sequencing from 1,143 deer sampled state-wide in Arkansas. We then employed Simpson’s diversity index to summarize ancestry assignments and visualize spatial genetic transitions. Using sub-sampled transects across these transitions, we tested clinal patterns across loci against theoretical expectations of their response under scenarios of recolonization and restricted dispersal. Two salient results emerged: (A) Genetic signatures from historic translocations are demonstrably apparent; and (B) Geographic filters (major rivers; urban centers; highways) now act as inflection points for the distribution of this contemporary ancestry. These results yielded a state-wide assessment of contemporary population structure in deer as driven by historic translocations as well as ongoing processes. In addition, the analytical framework employed herein to effectively decipher extant/historic drivers of deer distribution in Arkansas are also applicable for other biodiversity elements with similarly complex demographic histories. Competing Interest Statement The authors have declared no competing interest. Footnotes * Email: (TKC) tkchafin{at}uark.edu; (BTM) btm002{at}uark.edu; (ZDZ) zdzbinde{at}uark.edu; (MED) med1{at}uark.edu; (MRD) mrd1{at}uark.edu, Email: (CRM) christopher.middaugh{at}agfc.ar.gov; (JRB) jennifer.ballard{at}agfc.ar.gov; (MCG) cory.gray{at}agfc.ar.gov * Minor changes in discussion and acknowledgements
Publisher
Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press,Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory
