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DIURNAL HABITAT SELECTION AND SURVIVAL OF ELK NEONATES
by
Pitman, James W.
, Gould, William R.
, Cain, James W.
, Tatman, Nicole M.
, Liley, Stewart G.
in
FEATURE ARTICLES
2024
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DIURNAL HABITAT SELECTION AND SURVIVAL OF ELK NEONATES
by
Pitman, James W.
, Gould, William R.
, Cain, James W.
, Tatman, Nicole M.
, Liley, Stewart G.
in
FEATURE ARTICLES
2024
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Journal Article
DIURNAL HABITAT SELECTION AND SURVIVAL OF ELK NEONATES
2024
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Overview
Natural selection should favor development of behaviors that increase survival, including juvenile survival. Habitat characteristics (e.g., hiding cover, forage quality and availability), maternal habitat selection, and microhabitat selection by the calf may influence elk (Cervus canadensis) calf survival and recruitment. We assessed diurnal microhabitat selection of bed sites by elk calves and calf-rearing areas selected by adult females to determine if these characteristics were associated with calf survival. We radio-tagged 33 elk calves in west-central New Mexico in 2011 and 55 calves in north-central New Mexico in 2012. We tracked calves daily to locate calf bedding sites and collected data on selected physical features and vegetation characteristics at used and paired random sites. The paired differences in these characteristics were then associated with calf fate. At the calf selection scale, for every 1-m difference in the distance to nearest concealment cover, the odds that a site was from a surviving calf increased by 7.8%. Habitat selection by adult females also was associated with calf survival. The odds of a bed site being from a surviving calf increased by 1.9% for every 1% difference in percentage of grass cover. High levels of concealment cover at the bed site were related to calf survival status. When we expanded selection to the adult level, females with surviving calves selected areas with higher grass cover, suggesting adult selection for higher forage availability while still providing high concealment cover for the calf. La selección natural debería favorecer el desarrollo de comportamientos que aumenten la supervivencia, incluida la supervivencia de los juveniles. La supervivencia y el reclutamiento de las crías de uapitíes (Cervus canadensis) pueden verse influenciados por las características del hábitat (i.e. cobertura de protección, calidad y disponibilidad del forraje), la selección materna del hábitat y la selección del microhábitat por parte de la cría. Evaluamos la selección del microhábitat diurno de los echaderos por parte de las crías de uapitíes y las áreas de crianza seleccionadas por las hembras adultas para determinar si estas características estaban asociadas con la supervivencia de las crías. Colocamos 33 radiotransmisores a crías de uapitíes en el centro-oeste de Nuevo México en 2011 y a 55 crías en el centro-norte de Nuevo México en 2012. Rastreamos a las crías diariamente para ubicar sus echaderos y recolectamos datos sobre características físicas seleccionadas y de la vegetación en sitios pareados tanto usados como al azar. Las diferencias pareadas entre estas características se asociaron al destino de las crías. En la escala de selección por las crías, por cada m de diferencia en la distancia a la cobertura de protección más cercana, las probabilidades de que perteneciera a un ternero sobreviviente aumentaban en un 7.8%. La selección de hábitat por parte de hembras adultas también se asoció con la supervivencia de las crías. Las probabilidades de que un echadero fuera de una cría sobreviviente se incrementaron un 1.9% por cada 1% de diferencia en el porcentaje de cobertura de pastos. Los altos niveles de cobertura de protección en el sitio de los echaderos estuvieron relacionados con el estado de supervivencia de los terneros. Cuando la selección se amplió a los adultos, las hembras con crías sobrevivientes seleccionaron áreas con mayor cobertura de pasto, lo que sugiere una selección por adultos a una mayor disponibilidad de forraje y, al mismo tiempo, proporcionando una alta cobertura de protección para las crías.
Publisher
Southwestern Association of Naturalists
Subject
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