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Late Quaternary habitat suitability models for chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) since the Last Interglacial (120,000 BP)
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Late Quaternary habitat suitability models for chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) since the Last Interglacial (120,000 BP)
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Late Quaternary habitat suitability models for chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) since the Last Interglacial (120,000 BP)
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Paper
Late Quaternary habitat suitability models for chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) since the Last Interglacial (120,000 BP)
2020
Overview
Aim: Paleoclimate reconstructions have enhanced our understanding of how past climates may have shaped present-day biodiversity. We hypothesize that habitat stability in historical Afrotropical refugia played a major role in the habitat suitability and persistence of chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) during the late Quaternary. We aimed to build a dynamic model of changing habitat suitability for chimpanzees at finer spatio-temporal scales than previously available to provide a new resource for understanding their ecology, behaviour and evolution. Location: Afrotropics. Taxon: Chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes), including all four subspecies (P. t. verus, P. t. ellioti, P. t. troglodytes, P. t. schweinfurthii). Methods: We used downscaled bioclimatic variables representing monthly temperature and precipitation estimates, along with historical human population density data and an extensive database of georeferenced presence points to infer chimpanzee habitat suitability at 62 paleoclimatic time periods across the Afrotropics based on ensemble species distribution models. We map habitat stability over time using an approach that accounts for dispersal between time periods, and compare our modelled stability estimates to existing knowledge of Afrotropical refugia. Our models cover a spatial resolution of 0.0467 degrees (approximately 5.19 km2 grid cells) and a temporal resolution of every 1,000-4,000 years dating back to the the Last Interglacial (120,000 BP). Results: Our results show high habitat stability concordant with known historical forest refugia across Africa, but suggest that they are underestimated in their extent for chimpanzees. We provide the first fine-grained dynamic map of historical chimpanzee habitat suitability since the Last Interglacial which is suspected to have influenced a number of ecological-evolutionary processes, such as the emergence of complex patterns of behavioural and genetic diversity. Main Conclusions: We provide a novel resource that can be used to reveal spatio-temporally explicit insights into the role of refugia in determining chimpanzee behavioural, ecological and genetic diversity .This methodology can be applied to other taxonomic groups and geographic areas where sufficient data is available. Competing Interest Statement The authors have declared no competing interest. Footnotes * author affiliations updated
Publisher
Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press,Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory
