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Winter roosting and agonistic interactions of Dark-eyed Juncos (Junco hyemalis) at old Barn Swallow (Hirundo rustica) nests
Winter roosting and agonistic interactions of Dark-eyed Juncos (Junco hyemalis) at old Barn Swallow (Hirundo rustica) nests
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Winter roosting and agonistic interactions of Dark-eyed Juncos (Junco hyemalis) at old Barn Swallow (Hirundo rustica) nests
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Winter roosting and agonistic interactions of Dark-eyed Juncos (Junco hyemalis) at old Barn Swallow (Hirundo rustica) nests
Winter roosting and agonistic interactions of Dark-eyed Juncos (Junco hyemalis) at old Barn Swallow (Hirundo rustica) nests

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Winter roosting and agonistic interactions of Dark-eyed Juncos (Junco hyemalis) at old Barn Swallow (Hirundo rustica) nests
Winter roosting and agonistic interactions of Dark-eyed Juncos (Junco hyemalis) at old Barn Swallow (Hirundo rustica) nests
Journal Article

Winter roosting and agonistic interactions of Dark-eyed Juncos (Junco hyemalis) at old Barn Swallow (Hirundo rustica) nests

2025
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Overview
The use of open cup nests by birds for roosting during the non-breeding season is a poorly documented yet intriguing phenomenon. Here, I describe the use of old Barn Swallow (Hirundo rustica) nests as winter roost sites by Dark-eyed Juncos (Junco hyemalis) as well as agonistic interactions at these structures. In 2016–2023, I observed juncos roosting in four Barn Swallow nests in New Jersey, USA, and used digital video to closely monitor activities at one nest. A junco roosted at the monitored nest on 56 of 71 nights, entering the roost 71 ± 26 min before sunset (mean ± SD; range: 20–168; n = 54) and exiting 27 ± 5 min before sunrise (range: 7–32; n = 43). In spring, a pair of House Finches (Haemorhous mexicanus) began preparing the swallow nest for egg laying during the day while a junco still slept there nightly. The House Finches increasingly came into conflict with the roosting junco, evicting it at least temporarily on nine evenings despite efforts by the junco to defend the site. Similar agonistic encounters with three other juncos, three unidentified birds, and a Carolina Wren (Thryothorus ludovicianus), which also roosted in the Barn Swallow nests, were documented but did not result in eviction. Winter roosting in open cup nests appears to be rare in birds despite potential thermal benefits. The occupancy rate and tenacity observed at the monitored Barn Swallow nest suggest that open cup nests may be desirable roost sites, and that the phenomenon deserves further study. Un fenómeno poco documentado pero intrigante es el uso de nidos de tipo ‘taza abierta’ por las aves para pernoctar, durante la época no reproductora. Aquí describo el uso de viejos nidos de la golondrina Hirundo rustica como dormideros de invierno por el junco Junco hyemalis, así como las interacciones agonísticas en estas estructuras. En 2016–2023, observé a Junco hyemalis pernoctar en cuatro nidos de Hirundo rustica en Nueva Jersey, Estados Unidos, y utilicé vídeo digital para seguir de cerca las actividades en un nido. Un individuo de Junco hyemalis durmió en el nido monitoreado en 56 de las 71 noches, entrando en el dormidero 71 ± 26 min antes de la puesta de sol (promedio ± DE; rango: 20–168; n = 54) y saliendo 27 ± 5 min antes del amanecer (rango: 7–32; n = 43). En la primavera, una pareja de pinzones Haemorhous mexicanus empezó a preparar el nido de Hirundo rustica para la puesta de huevos durante el día, mientras que un individuo de Junco hyemalis siguió durmiendo allí por la noche. Los individuos de Haemorhous mexicanus entraron cada vez más en conflicto con el individuo de Junco hyemalis, desalojándolo al menos temporalmente en nueve noches a pesar de sus esfuerzos por defender el lugar. Se documentaron encuentros agonísticos similares con otros tres individuos de Junco hyemalis, tres pájaros no identificados y una ratona Thryothorus ludovicianus, que también pernoctó en nidos de Hirundo rustica, pero estas interacciones no acabaron en desalojo. El pernocte invernal en nidos del tipo taza abierta parece ser poco frecuente en las aves a pesar de sus posibles beneficios térmicos. La tasa de ocupación y la tenacidad observadas en el nido de Hirundo rustica objeto de seguimiento sugieren que los nidos del tipo taza abierta pueden ser lugares de descanso deseables, y que el fenómeno merece estudios más profundos. PALABRAS CLAVE estructuras antrópicas; competencia entre las aves; reutilización de nidos; comportamiento novedoso; invierno; dormir
Publisher
Wilson Ornithological Society