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Perspectives on Potential Soybean Yield Losses from Weeds in North America
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Perspectives on Potential Soybean Yield Losses from Weeds in North America
Perspectives on Potential Soybean Yield Losses from Weeds in North America
Journal Article

Perspectives on Potential Soybean Yield Losses from Weeds in North America

2017
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Overview
Weeds are one of the most significant, and controllable, threats to crop production in North America. Monetary losses because of reduced soybean yield and decreased quality because of weed interference, as well as costs of controlling weeds, have a significant economic impact on net returns to producers. Previous Weed Science Society of America (WSSA) Weed Loss Committee reports, as chaired by Chandler (1984) and Bridges (1992), provided snapshots of the comparative crop yield losses because of weeds across geographic regions and crops within these regions after the implementation of weed control tactics. This manuscript is a second report from the current WSSA Weed Loss Committee on crop yield losses because of weeds, specifically in soybean. Yield loss estimates were determined from comparative observations of soybean yields between the weedy control and plots with greater than 95% weed control in studies conducted from 2007 to 2013. Researchers from each US state and Canadian province provided at least three and up to ten individual comparisons for each year, which were then averaged within a year, and then averaged over the seven years. These percent yield loss values were used to determine total soybean yield loss in t ha−1 and bu acre−1 based on average soybean yields for each state or province as well as current commodity prices for a given year as summarized by USDA-NASS (2014) and Statistics Canada (2015). Averaged across 2007 to 2013, weed interference in soybean caused a 52.1% yield loss. Based on 2012 census data in the US and Canada soybean was grown on 30,798,512 and 1,679,203 hectares with production of 80 million and 5 million tonnes, respectively. Using an average soybean price across 2007 to 2013 of US $389.81 t−1 ($10.61 bu−1), farm gate value would be reduced by US $16.2 billion in the US and $1.0 billion in Canada annually if no weed management tactics were employed. Nomenclature: Soybean, Glycine max (L.) Merr Las malezas son una de las amenazas más significativas y controlables para la producción agrícola en Norteamérica. Las pérdidas monetarias producto de la reducción en el rendimiento de la soja y la disminución en la calidad debido a la interferencia de malezas y al costo de controlar a estas, tiene un impacto económico significativo en la rentabilidad de los productores. Reportes previos del comité de pérdidas por malezas de la Sociedad Americana de la Ciencia de Malezas (WSSA), bajo la dirección de Chandler (1984) y Bridges (1992) brindaron imágenes temporales de las pérdidas de rendimiento comparativas causadas por malezas en diferentes regiones geográficas y cultivos dentro de estas regiones después de la implementación de tácticas de control de malezas. Este manuscrito es un segundo reporte del comité actual de pérdidas por malezas de WSSA sobre pérdidas en rendimiento causadas por malezas, específicamente en soja. Los estimados de pérdida en rendimiento fueron determinados a partir de observaciones comparativas de rendimientos de soja entre testigos con malezas y parcelas con más de 95% de control en estudios realizados desde 2007 a 2013. Investigadores de cada estado de Estados Unidos y de cada provincia de Canada brindaron al menos tres y hasta 10 comparaciones individuales para cada año, las cuales fueron promediadas dentro de cada año, y luego promediadas para los siete años. Estos valores de porcentaje de rendimiento fueron usados para determinar la pérdida total en soja en t ha−1 y bu acre−1 con base en el promedio de rendimiento de soja para cada estado o provincia y el precio de grano para cada año como lo resumen USDA-NASS (2014) y Statistics Canada (2015). Promediando los años de 2007 a 2013, la interferencia de malezas en soja causó un 52,1% de pérdidas de rendimiento. Con base en los datos del censo de 2012 en Estados Unidos y Canada, se produjo soja en 30,798,512 y 1,679,203 hectáreas para una producción de 80 millones y 5 millones de toneladas, respectivamente. Usando una precio de la soja promedio para 2007 a 2013 de US $389.81 t−1 ($10,61 bu−1), el valor en puerta de finca se hubiera reducido en US $16.6 miles de millones en los Estados Unidos y $1.0 mil millones en Canada anualmente si no se hubieran empleado tácticas de manejo de malezas.