Journal Article

REPEATED EXPOSURE OF GOLDFISH (CARASSIUS AURATUS) TO TRICAINE METHANESULFONATE (MS-222)

Law, J. McHugh, Scott, Gregory N., Posner, Lysa Pam

2013

Overview

Goldfish that have been repeatedly exposed to tricaine methanesulfonate (MS-222) require greater concentration of the drug to attain equivalent planes of anesthesia, but the mechanism for this increased anesthetic need is unknown. Minimum anesthetic concentration (MAC) is a commonly used method with which to compare anesthetics. It was hypothesized that fish exposed to MS-222 daily would have an increased MAC. It was also hypothesized that fish exposed daily to MS-222 would develop histomorphologic changes to their gills to explain the increasing demand. Forty-nine Serasa comet goldfish were enrolled and were divided into three populations (n = 15, n = 15, and n = 19). In trial 1, using an up–down method, MAC was determined daily after 4 min of exposure to MS-222 for which the starting concentration was 160 mg/L. In trial 2, MAC was determined following 2 min of exposure to MS-222 for which the starting concentration was 260 mg/L. In trial 3, four naive fish were euthanatized and gills collected for histology and electron microscopy (EM). The remaining fish were exposed to MS-222 daily for 4 wk. Four fish were euthanatized and their gills submitted for similar examination at 2 wk and 4 wk. MAC for fish exposed to MS-222 for 4 min increased from 120 to 160 mg/L. The regression line had a slope of 1.51 ± 0.26 (R2 = 0.65; P < 0.0001). MAC for fish exposed to MS-222 for 2 min increased from 210 pmm to 220 mg/L; the regression line had a slope of 0.52 ± 0.38 (R2 = 0.12; P = 0.2). Histologic and EM examination of gills did not show morphologic changes indicative of a reaction to MS-222. Goldfish in this study had an increased requirement for MS-222 following daily exposure for 4 min but not following daily exposure for 2 min at a higher concentration. The cause of this increased anesthetic need is not related to morphologic changes to the gills.

• Publisher: American Association of Zoo Veterinarians
• Subject: Aminobenzoates - administration & dosage / Aminobenzoates - adverse effects / Aminobenzoates - pharmacology / anesthesia / anesthetics / Anesthetics - administration & dosage / Anesthetics - adverse effects / Anesthetics - pharmacology / Animals / Carassius auratus / Dose-Response Relationship, Drug / Drug Administration Schedule / electron microscopy / Fish Diseases - chemically induced / Freshwater / gills / Gills - drug effects / Gills - pathology / Gills - ultrastructure / Goldfish / histology / minimum anesthetic concentration / MS-222 / pathology