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Calprotectin: from biomarker to biological function

by Jukic, Almina , Adolph, Timon E. , Bakiri, Latifa , Tilg, Herbert , Wagner, Erwin F.

in Algorithms / Amino acids / Binding sites / Biomarkers / Biomarkers - metabolism / Clinical medicine / Clinical trials / Crohn's disease / Fatty acids / Feces - chemistry / Humans / Immune response / immunology / Inflammation / Inflammatory bowel disease / Inflammatory bowel diseases / Inflammatory Bowel Diseases - diagnosis / Inflammatory Bowel Diseases - metabolism / Inflammatory diseases / Kinases / Leukocyte L1 Antigen Complex - metabolism / Metabolism / Metabolites / Molecular weight / Morbidity / Mucosa / Neutrophils / Predictive Value of Tests / Proteins / Recent Advances in Basic Science / Sensitivity and Specificity / stool markers / Transcription factors / Tumor necrosis factor-TNF / Ulcerative colitis

2021

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Calprotectin: from biomarker to biological function

by Jukic, Almina , Adolph, Timon E. , Bakiri, Latifa , Tilg, Herbert , Wagner, Erwin F.

2021

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Calprotectin: from biomarker to biological function

by Jukic, Almina , Adolph, Timon E. , Bakiri, Latifa , Tilg, Herbert , Wagner, Erwin F.

2021

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Journal Article

Calprotectin: from biomarker to biological function

Jukic, Almina,

Adolph, Timon E.,

Bakiri, Latifa,

Tilg, Herbert,

Wagner, Erwin F.

2021

Overview

The incidence of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) emerged with Westernisation of dietary habits worldwide. Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis are chronic debilitating conditions that afflict individuals with substantial morbidity and challenge healthcare systems across the globe. Since identification and characterisation of calprotectin (CP) in the 1980s, faecal CP emerged as significantly validated, non-invasive biomarker that allows evaluation of gut inflammation. Faecal CP discriminates between inflammatory and non-inflammatory diseases of the gut and portraits the disease course of human IBD. Recent studies revealed insights into biological functions of the CP subunits S100A8 and S100A9 during orchestration of an inflammatory response at mucosal surfaces across organ systems. In this review, we summarise longitudinal evidence for the evolution of CP from biomarker to rheostat of mucosal inflammation and suggest an algorithm for the interpretation of faecal CP in daily clinical practice. We propose that mechanistic insights into the biological function of CP in the gut and beyond may facilitate interpretation of current assays and guide patient-tailored medical therapy in IBD, a concept warranting controlled clinical trials.

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Publisher

BMJ Publishing Group Ltd and British Society of Gastroenterology,BMJ Publishing Group LTD,BMJ Publishing Group

Subject

/ Biomarkers - metabolism

/ Clinical medicine

/ Clinical trials