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Determinants of species-specific utilization of ACE2 by human and animal coronaviruses
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Determinants of species-specific utilization of ACE2 by human and animal coronaviruses
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Determinants of species-specific utilization of ACE2 by human and animal coronaviruses
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Paper
Determinants of species-specific utilization of ACE2 by human and animal coronaviruses
2023
Overview
Utilization of human ACE2 allowed several bat coronaviruses (CoVs), including the causative agent of COVID-19, to infect humans either directly or via intermediate hosts. Here, we analyzed the ability of Spike proteins from 24 human or animal CoVs to use ACE2 receptors across nine reservoir, potential intermediate and human hosts. We show that overall SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variants evolved more efficient ACE2 usage but mutation of R493Q in BA.5 Spike disrupts utilization of ACE2 from Greater horseshoe bats. Spikes from most CoVs showed species-specific differences in ACE2 usage, partly due to variations in ACE2 residues 31, 41 or 354. Mutation of T403R allowed the RaTG13 bat CoV Spike to use all ACE2 orthologs analysed for viral entry. Sera from COVID-19 vaccinated individuals neutralized the Spike proteins of a range of bat Sarbecoviruses. Our results define determinants of ACE2 receptor usage of diverse CoVs and suggest that COVID-19 vaccination may protect against future zoonoses of SARS-CoV-related bat viruses.
Mutation of R493Q in BA.5 Spike disrupts utilization of ACE2 from Greater horseshoe bats
Variations in ACE2 residues 31, 41 or 354 affect utilization by coronavirus Spike proteins
Residue R403 in the Spike protein of bat coronavirus allow broad and effective ACE2 usage
Sera from COVID-19 vaccinated individuals neutralize Spike proteins of bat Sarbecoviruses
Publisher
Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory
Subject
