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Who is Christ? Thesoteriological necessity in the Christology of Francis Turretin
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Journal Article
Who is Christ? Thesoteriological necessity in the Christology of Francis Turretin
2026
Overview
This article explores the theological question, “If man had not sinned, would Christ still be incarnate?”, by comparing the thought of John Duns Scotus and Francis Turretin. It first traces the influence and reinterpretation of Scotus’ Christological ontology within Reformed orthodoxy, highlighting scholarly debates over his legacy. For Scotus, incarnation was about Christ serving as the ontological foundation and ultimate mediator betweenGod and creation. By contrast, Turretin appropriates epistemological distinctions from Scotus but reframes them through the lens of covenant theology. For Turretin, the incarnation is necessitated by the fall, and Christ’s role as mediator is soteriological, focused on restoring the covenantal bond. Through a comparative analysis of ontology, epistemology, and Christology, this article demonstrates a theological shift from Scotus’ Christcentred ontology to Turretin’s covenantal ontology. It concludes that, for Turretin, the incarnation is a redemptive response to human sin, marking Christ’s fundamentaloffice as mediator between creator and creature.
Publisher
University of the Free State
Subject
