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Journal Article
SEQUENCE DIVERSITY AND MOLECULAR EVOLUTION ANALYSIS OF INTERNATIONAL TOMATO BASED ON THE ENTIRE ITS REGION
2026
Overview
This study aimed to assess the genetic diversity and molecular evolution of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) populations from various countries, which hold significant potential for future breeding strategies and germplasm conservation. To achieve this, a total of 15 sequences deposited in GenBank were analyzed using the complete internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of the nuclear ribosomal DNA (nrDNA). The spacer sequence lengths ranged from 156 base pairs (bp) in the Swedish tomato to 713 bp in the Palestinian tomato. A notable variation in GC content was observed, with the Thai tomato exhibiting the highest value (67.48%) and the South Korean tomato the lowest (49.56%). Phylogenetic trees were constructed using both the distance-based Neighbor-Joining (NJ) and Maximum Parsimony (MP) methods. Sequence analysis revealed 38 monomorphic (invariable) sites and 15 polymorphic sites, of which 14 were singleton variable sites and one was parsimony-informative. Alignment of the 15 sequences enabled the identification of five haplotypes. The estimated transition/transversion bias (R) was 17.339, indicating a greater frequency of transitions over transversions in this region. Neutrality tests, including Tajima’s D and Fu and Li’s statistics, produced statistically significant results. The highest levels of genetic diversity were observed in South Korean, Iraqi, and Indian tomato samples. هدفت هذه الدراسة إلى تقييم التنوع الوراثي والتطور الجزيئي لمجتمعات الطماطم (Solanum lycopersicum) من دول مختلفة، لما لها من أهمية كبيرة في تطوير استراتيجيات التربية المستقبلية وحفظ الموارد الوراثية, و لذلك، قد تم تحليل 15 تسلسلاً وراثيًا مودعًا في قاعدة بيانات GenBank باستخدام منطقة فاصل النسخ الداخلي (ITS) بالكامل من الحمض النووي الريبوسومي (nrDNA), تراوح طول تسلسلات الفاصل بين 156 زوجًا قاعديًا في الطماطم السويدية و713 زوجًا قاعديًا في الطماطم الفلسطينية, كما لوحظ تباين واضح في محتوى GC، حيث سجلت الطماطم التايلاندية أعلى نسبة (67.48%)، بينما سجلت الطماطم الكورية الجنوبية أدنى نسبة (49.56%)وقد تم بناء الأشجار الوراثية باستخدام طريقتي ربط الجوار الأقرب (Neighbor-Joining) والحد الأدنى للتغير (Maximum Parsimony), وكشف تحليل التسلسلات عن وجود 38 موقعًا ثابتًا (أحادِي الشكل) و15 موقعًا متغيرًا، منها 14 موقعًا متغيرًا منفردًا وموقع واحد معلوماتياً (parsimony-informative), وقد أتاحت محاذاة التسلسلات التعرف على خمسة أنماط فردية (haplotypes), وبلغ معدل انحياز التحولات/التبدالات (R) نحو 17.339، مما يشير إلى أن التحولات تحدث بمعدل أكبر من التبدالات في هذه المنطقة, كما أظهرت اختبارات الحيادية، بما في ذلك اختبار تاجما (Tajima’s D) واختبار فو ولي (Fu and Li)، نتائج ذات دلالة إحصائية.
Publisher
Baghdad University
Subject
