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Monetary Incentives to Formality: A Labour Supply Analysis for Colombia
Monetary Incentives to Formality: A Labour Supply Analysis for Colombia
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Monetary Incentives to Formality: A Labour Supply Analysis for Colombia
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Monetary Incentives to Formality: A Labour Supply Analysis for Colombia
Monetary Incentives to Formality: A Labour Supply Analysis for Colombia

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Monetary Incentives to Formality: A Labour Supply Analysis for Colombia
Monetary Incentives to Formality: A Labour Supply Analysis for Colombia
Journal Article

Monetary Incentives to Formality: A Labour Supply Analysis for Colombia

2025
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Overview
Recent research on informality in Colombia shows that reforms aimed at stimulating the demand for formal employment by reducing corporate taxes have had only modest effects on the relative size of informal employment. Given the apparent limits of demand-side policies and considering that 73 % of informal workers are self-employed this paper examines the incentives that influence the supply of formal labour. Specifically, it quantifies the monetary costs faced by informal work­ers when deciding to become formal. The paper defines the potential monetary loss associated with formali­sation through the Formalisation Tax Rate (FTR) and calculates it across several simulated scenarios. When the monetary benefits granted by law to formal employ­ees are included (such as family and transport subsidies and mandatory bonuses), some informal employees may have an incentive to formalise. However, self-employed workers—who make up the majority of informal employ­ment—would have no incentive to enter formal work unless their income base were raised to at least the level of the monthly minimum wage. Las investigaciones recientes sobre la informalidad en Colombia indican que las reformas que buscaban incrementar la demanda de empleo formal por medio de reducciones en los impuestos a las empresas tuvie­ron efectos modestos en el tamaño relativo del empleo informal. En atención a este agotamiento de las políticas orientadas a la demanda y el hecho de que el 73 % de los trabajadores informales son independientes, se analizan los incentivos a la oferta de empleo formal. Más especí­ficamente, se cuantifican los incentivos monetarios que tienen los trabajadores informales para ingresar en el empleo formal. Se define la potencial pérdida monetaria de la formalización en relación con los ingresos informa­les por medio de la tasa impositiva a la formalización (TIF). Se calcula la TIF en varios escenarios simulados. Si se con­sideran los beneficios que la ley otorga a los empleados formales (por ejemplo, subsidios familiares, de transporte, entre otros), algunos asalariados informales tendrían un incentivo a ser formales, pero los trabajadores indepen­dientes que constituyen la mayor parte del empleo informal no tendrían incentivos a menos que su salario base sea incrementado, al menos, hasta el salario mínimo mensual.

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