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LA CONFERENCIA SOBRE MIGRACIÓN DE 1932 ENTRE MÉXICO Y GUATEMALA. UNA FRONTERA COMÚN Y DISTINTOS INTERESES
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LA CONFERENCIA SOBRE MIGRACIÓN DE 1932 ENTRE MÉXICO Y GUATEMALA. UNA FRONTERA COMÚN Y DISTINTOS INTERESES
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Journal Article
LA CONFERENCIA SOBRE MIGRACIÓN DE 1932 ENTRE MÉXICO Y GUATEMALA. UNA FRONTERA COMÚN Y DISTINTOS INTERESES
2022
Overview
En el presente artículo estudio un episodio de las relaciones diplomáticas entre México y Guatemala: la Conferencia de 1932 sobre asuntos migratorios. Examino los problemas que la suscitaron, los intereses gubernamentales y la situación política guatemalteca para explicar por qué los acuerdos forjados atacaron un incendio, pero no apagaron sus brasas. El ensayo lo sustento en archivos de México y Guatemala, para ser preciso, en la comunicación oficial que muestra una preocupación discordante por la frontera. La revisión de estas perspectivas y su contraste en ciertos pasajes permite incursionar en una dinámica que los estudiosos del tema soslayaron: la determinación del régimen posrevolucionario de ordenar su frontera sur sin ofender al vecino y la obsesión del gobierno guatemalteco por blindar esta franja ante las actividades comunistas. Esta situación, aunada a los intereses de los finqueros del Soconusco y la negligencia de los agentes migratorios, arroja un panorama complejo, el cual es preciso estudiar atendiendo también al bando guatemalteco.
This article studies one episode in the diplomatic relationship between Mexico and Guatemala: the 1932 immigration conference. It examines the problems that precipitated it, the interests of each government and the political situation in Guatemala, explaining that the conference may have put out a fire, but that its coals remained hot. This article is based on the official correspondence contained in Mexican and Guatemalan archives, which shows discordant concerns regarding the border. Reviewing these perspectives and the contrasts between them allows us to study a dynamic that has been overlooked by many experts: the determination of the postrevolutionary regime to order its southern border without offending its neighbor, and the obsession of the Guatemalan government with fortifying its northern border against communist activities. This situation, combined with the interests of Soconusco landowners and the negligence of immigration agents, paints a complex picture, which it is necessary to study from both sides of the border.
