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The Basque Libertador
by
Sedano, Nagore
in
Basque Studies
/ Exile
/ Hispanidad
/ Hispanism
/ race theory
/ Spanish Civil War
2025
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The Basque Libertador
by
Sedano, Nagore
in
Basque Studies
/ Exile
/ Hispanidad
/ Hispanism
/ race theory
/ Spanish Civil War
2025
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Journal Article
The Basque Libertador
2025
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Overview
In this article, I offer a critical reading of the racial imaginary that informs the genealogy of libertadores imagined by the Basque nationalist exiles who fled to Venezuela after losing the Spanish Civil War (1936-1939). Not seeing themselves reflected in the idea of a Hispanic community, Basque nationalists crafted an alternative transatlantic family via the appropriation of Simón Bolívar and other venerated heroes of Latin American Independence. The myth of a Basque Bolívar—and by extension, of a distinctive “liberatory Basque blood”—was not a novel invention of Basque exiles, but rather a product of the amalgam of racial theories circulating at both sides of the Atlantic at the turn of the 20th century. In this piece, I trace the origins of the trope of a liberatory Basque blood back to a positivist strain of late 19th century Venezuelan historiography in order to put the racial lexicon of Basque exiles in conversation with the Hispanism of Spanish republican refugees. I conclude that, despite the historical and ideological particularities of its distinct racial lexicon, the trope of liberatory Basque blood functions in a similar fashion to Hispanism. This nationalistic Basque trope offers an elusive, vague racial discourse that camouflages the colonial ideology of refugees while it relegates its underlying racial thought to the task of soothing the anxieties provoked by exile.
Este artículo ofrece una lectura crítica del pensamiento racial que informa la genealogía de libertadores imaginada por nacionalistas ortodoxos vascos exiliados en Venezuela tras la guerra civil española (1936-1939). Al no sentirse identificados con la idea de una comunidad hispana, los nacionalistas vascos confeccionaron una familia transatlántica alternativa apropiándose de Simón Bolívar y de otros héroes venerados de los procesos de independencia de Latinoamérica. No obstante, el mito de un Bolívar vasco y, por extensión, de una “sangre libertadora vasca”, no fue una invención novedosa de los exiliados vascos, sino producto de una amalgama de teorías raciales finiseculares que ya habían circulado ampliamente por ambos lados del Atlántico. En este artículo, sitúo los gérmenes del tropo de la sangre libertadora vasca dentro de una corriente positivista de la historiografía venezolana de finales del siglo XIX para poner en conversación el léxico racial de los exiliados nacionalistas vascos con el hispanismo de los refugiados españoles republicanos. Argumento que, pese a las particularidades históricas e ideológicas de su distintivo léxico racial, el tropo de la sangre libertadora vasca funciona de manera similar al hispanismo. Este tropo nacionalista vasco ofrece un discurso racial elusivo que camufla la ideología colonial de los refugiados al mismo tiempo que relega su intrínseco pensamiento racial a la tarea de aliviar las ansiedades provocadas por el exilio.
Publisher
Latin American Literary Review,Latin American Research Commons
Subject
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