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I.B.M. à la campagne : l'évolution du Dutchess County (Etat de New York) (1940-1984)
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I.B.M. à la campagne : l'évolution du Dutchess County (Etat de New York) (1940-1984)
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I.B.M. à la campagne : l'évolution du Dutchess County (Etat de New York) (1940-1984)
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Journal Article
I.B.M. à la campagne : l'évolution du Dutchess County (Etat de New York) (1940-1984)
1985
Overview
Un county du nord-est des Etats-Unis, peuplé d'une centaine de milliers d'habitants, au lendemain de la seconde guerre mondiale, se trouve intégré aux grandes mutations économiques et sociales de la nation américaine. Sans avoir de véritable tradition urbaine ou industrielle, le Dutchess County, (New York) est devenu, en l'espace d'une trentaine d'années, le fief du leader mondial de l'informatique, International Business Machines. L'implantation de la corporation perçue alors, et à juste titre, comme l'occasion inespérée de réanimer l'économie locale semble, dans le même temps, avoir introduit de nombreux déséquilibres économiques, sociaux et spatiaux. En raison de la mauvaise intégration de l'entreprise au milieu local, un dualisme économique est apparu; une explosion démographique sans précédent a conduit à rompre les relations sociales traditionnelles et à juxtaposer deux populations aux préoccupations et aux revenus différents; enfin, l'absence de planification du développement local a conduit à une transformation de l'occupation de l'espace et à une désorganisation des structures régionales. A north eastern american county, inhabited by around a hundred thousand people at the end of the second world war, happens to be incorporated into the economic and social mutations of the american nation. Without having a strong urban and industrial tradition, Dutchess county, New York, became the central territory of the world leader of the computer industry : International Business Machines. The setting up of the corporation, rightly felt to be the unexpected opportunity to boost the local economy, seems today to have been a major cause of the economical, social and spatial imbalance experienced by the county since then. A strong dualism appeared in the economic structure; an unprecedented population explosion lead to the breaking up of traditionnal social relations and lead to the juxtaposing of two populations with different levels of income and different fields of interest. Morover, the lack of planning of this local development lead to a deep and swift change in the land use, and a complete desorganisation of the regional space.
